Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sports and Health, Gorontalo State University, Gorontalo 96211, Indonesia.
Molecules. 2023 May 23;28(11):4269. doi: 10.3390/molecules28114269.
This research serves as the basis for developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against mosquitoes. The method used for the isolation of essential oils was the steam distillation method. Virus-free mosquitoes were used as test animals by applying the 10% essential oil repellent on the arms of volunteers. The analysis of the essential oils activities and aromas' components was carried out using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. Based on the results, the yields of essential oil from 5000 g samples for cinnamon bark, clove flowers, patchouli, nutmeg seed, lemongrass, citronella grass, and turmeric rhizome were 1.9%, 16%, 2.2%, 16.8%, 0.9%, 1.4%, and 6.8%, respectively. The activity test showed that the average repellent power of 10% essential oils, patchouli, cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, clove flowers, citronella grass, and lemongrass, was 95.2%, 83.8%, 71.4%, 94.7%, 71.4%, 80.4%, and 85%, respectively. Patchouli and cinnamon had the best average repellent power. Meanwhile, the aroma activities showed that the average repellent power of the patchouli oil was 96%, and the cinnamon oil was 94%. From the GC-MS analysis, nine components were identified in the patchouli essential oil aromas' with the highest concentration being patchouli alcohol (42.7%), Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1α,7α,8aβ)] (10.8%), α-guaiene (9.22%), and seychellene (8.19%)., whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were seven components identified in the patchouli essential oil aroma with a high concentration of the components, which were patchouli alcohol (52.5%), Seychellene (5.2%), and α-guaiene (5.2%). The analysis results of cinnamon essential oil using the GC-MS method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with E-cinnamaldehyde (73%) being the highest component, whereas using the GC-MS headspace repellent method showed that there were five components identified in the aroma, with highest concentrations of cinnamaldehyde (86.1%). It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in patchouli and cinnamon bark have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents in controlling and preventing mosquitoes.
本研究为开发基于精油的驱蚊活性测试提供了依据。精油的分离方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法。将 10%的精油驱蚊剂涂在志愿者的手臂上，以无菌蚊子作为试验动物。利用顶空驱蚊和 GC-MS 方法对精油的活性和香气成分进行分析。基于实验结果，肉桂皮、丁香花、广藿香、肉豆蔻籽、柠檬草、香茅和姜黄根的 5000g 样品的精油产率分别为 1.9%、16%、2.2%、16.8%、0.9%、1.4%和 6.8%。活性测试表明，10%精油、广藿香、肉桂、肉豆蔻、姜黄、丁香花、香茅和柠檬草的平均驱蚊能力分别为 95.2%、83.8%、71.4%、94.7%、71.4%、80.4%和 85%。广藿香和肉桂的平均驱蚊能力最好。同时，香气活性表明，广藿香油的平均驱蚊能力为 96%，肉桂油为 94%。通过 GC-MS 分析，在广藿香精油的香气成分中鉴定出九种成分，其中含量最高的是广藿香醇（42.7%）、薁、1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-（1-甲基乙烯基）-，[1S-（1α,7α,8aβ）]-（10.8%）、α-愈创烯（9.22%）和西柏烯（8.19%）。而利用 GC-MS 顶空驱蚊法，在广藿香精油的香气中鉴定出七种成分，其中含量较高的成分是广藿香醇（52.5%）、西柏烯（5.2%）和α-愈创烯（5.2%）。GC-MS 法分析肉桂精油的结果表明，在香气中鉴定出五种成分，其中 E-肉桂醛（73%）含量最高，而 GC-MS 顶空驱蚊法分析肉桂精油的结果表明，在香气中鉴定出五种成分，其中肉桂醛（86.1%）含量最高。综上所述，肉桂皮和广藿香中含有的化学物质具有作为环境友好型驱蚊剂控制和预防蚊子的潜力。
