Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil.
Molecules. 2023 May 23;28(11):4285. doi: 10.3390/molecules28114285.
Brazil has a megadiversity that includes marine species that are distributed along 800 km of shoreline. This biodiversity status holds promising biotechnological potential. Marine organisms are important sources of novel chemical species, with applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and nutraceutical fields. However, ecological pressures derived from anthropogenic actions, including the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements and microplastics, impact promising species. This review describes the current status of the biotechnological and environmental aspects of seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast, including publications from the last 5 years (from January 2018 to December 2022). The search was conducted in the main public databases (PubChem, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) and in the Espacenet database (European Patent Office-EPO) and the Brazilian National Property Institute (INPI). Bioprospecting studies were reported for seventy-one seaweed species and fifteen corals, but few targeted the isolation of compounds. The antioxidant potential was the most investigated biological activity. Despite being potential sources of macro- and microelements, there is a literature gap regarding the presence of potentially toxic elements and other emergent contaminants, such as microplastics, in seaweeds and corals from the Brazilian coast.
巴西拥有丰富多样的生物多样性，包括分布在 8000 公里海岸线沿线的海洋物种。这种生物多样性状态具有巨大的生物技术潜力。海洋生物是新型化学物质的重要来源，在制药、化妆品、化工和营养保健品等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而，人类活动带来的生态压力，包括潜在有毒元素和微塑料的生物积累，对有前景的物种产生了影响。本综述描述了巴西沿海海藻和珊瑚的生物技术和环境现状，包括过去 5 年（2018 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月）的出版物。检索在主要公共数据库（PubChem、PubMed、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar）和 Espacenet 数据库（欧洲专利局-EPO）以及巴西国家产权研究所（INPI）中进行。已经报道了 71 种海藻和 15 种珊瑚的生物勘探研究，但很少有研究针对化合物的分离。抗氧化潜力是研究最多的生物活性。尽管海藻和珊瑚是大量和微量元素的潜在来源，但关于巴西沿海海藻和珊瑚中存在潜在有毒元素和其他新兴污染物（如微塑料）的文献仍存在空白。
