Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea.
Molecules. 2023 May 31;28(11):4456. doi: 10.3390/molecules28114456.
Fusarium wilt of bananas caused by f. sp. Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) poses the most serious threat to banana production globally. The disease has been managed using chemical fungicides, yet the control levels are still unsatisfactory. This study investigated the antifungal activities of tea tree () essential oil (TTO) and hydrosol (TTH) against TR4 and their bioactive components. The potential of TTO and TTH in inhibiting the growth of TR4 was evaluated in vitro using agar well diffusion and spore germination assays. Compared to the chemical fungicide, TTO effectively suppressed the mycelial growth of TR4 at 69%. Both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of TTO and TTH were established at 0.2 µg/µL and 50% /, respectively, suggesting the fungicidal nature of the plant extracts. The disease control efficacies were also demonstrated by a ( ≤ 0.05) delayed Fusarium wilt symptom development in the susceptible banana plants with reduced LSI dan RDI scores from 70% to around 20-30%. A GC/MS analysis of TTO identified terpinen-4-ol, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol as the major components. In contrast, an LC/MS analysis of TTH identified different compounds, including dihydro-jasmonic acid and methyl ester. Our findings indicate the potential of tea tree extracts as natural alternatives to chemical fungicides to control TR4.
香蕉枯萎病由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型 4 号生理小种（Foc TR4）引起，是全球范围内对香蕉生产构成的最严重威胁。该病害曾采用化学杀菌剂进行防治，但防治效果仍不理想。本研究调查了茶树（）精油（TTO）和水提物（TTH）对 TR4 的抗真菌活性及其生物活性成分。采用琼脂打孔扩散法和孢子萌发试验评估了 TTO 和 TTH 抑制 TR4 生长的潜力。与化学杀菌剂相比，TTO 能有效抑制 TR4 的菌丝生长，抑制率为 69%。TTO 和 TTH 的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MFC）分别为 0.2 µg/µL 和 50%，表明植物提取物具有杀菌作用。敏感性香蕉植株上，接种 TR4 后，TTO 和 TTH 处理能延缓枯萎病症状的发展，LSI 和 RDI 评分分别从 70%左右降低至 20-30%，说明其具有防治效果（≤0.05）。TTO 的 GC/MS 分析鉴定出萜品-4-醇、桉油醇和α-松油醇为主要成分。而 TTH 的 LC/MS 分析则鉴定出不同的化合物，包括二氢茉莉酸和甲酯。本研究结果表明，茶树提取物具有作为替代化学杀菌剂来防治 TR4 的潜力。
