Adel Sarah, Carels Nicolas
Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt.
Laboratory of Biological System Modeling, Center of Technological Development for Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 30;12(11):2170. doi: 10.3390/plants12112170.
Environmental stresses, such as drought, have negative effects on crop yield. Drought is a stress whose impact tends to increase in some critical regions. However, the worldwide population is continuously increasing and climate change may affect its food supply in the upcoming years. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to understand the molecular processes that may contribute to improving drought tolerance of strategic crops. These investigations should contribute to delivering drought-tolerant cultivars by selective breeding. For this reason, it is worthwhile to review regularly the literature concerning the molecular mechanisms and technologies that could facilitate gene pyramiding for drought tolerance. This review summarizes achievements obtained using QTL mapping, genomics, synteny, epigenetics, and transgenics for the selective breeding of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. Synthetic apomixis combined with the msh1 mutation opens the way to induce and stabilize epigenomes in crops, which offers the potential of accelerating selective breeding for drought tolerance in arid and semi-arid regions.
干旱等环境胁迫对作物产量有负面影响。干旱是一种胁迫，其影响在一些关键地区往往会加剧。然而，全球人口在持续增长，气候变化可能在未来几年影响其粮食供应。因此，人们一直在努力了解可能有助于提高战略作物耐旱性的分子过程。这些研究应有助于通过选择性育种培育出耐旱品种。出于这个原因，定期回顾有关分子机制和技术的文献是值得的，这些机制和技术可以促进耐旱基因聚合。本综述总结了利用数量性状位点（QTL）定位、基因组学、同线性、表观遗传学和转基因技术进行耐旱小麦品种选择性育种所取得的成果。合成无融合生殖与msh1突变相结合，为在作物中诱导和稳定表观基因组开辟了道路，这为加速干旱和半干旱地区耐旱性的选择性育种提供了潜力。
