Kieling Antonio Claudio, de Macedo Neto José Costa, Del Pino Gilberto Garcia, da Silva Barboza Ricardo, Diáz Francisco Rolando Valenzuela, Rivera José Luis Valin, Fernández Meylí Valin, Ketterer Cristobal Galleguillos, Ortega Alvaro González, Abarzúa Roberto Iquilio
Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69850-020, Brazil.
Department of Materials Engineering, State University of Amazonas, Manaus 69850-020, Brazil.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 May 31;15(11):2532. doi: 10.3390/polym15112532.
Composites with natural lignocellulosic fillers are being cited as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional materials, as they combine lower costs with lower weight. In many tropical countries, such as Brazil, there is a considerable amount of lignocellulosic waste that is improperly discarded, which causes pollution of the environment. The Amazon region has huge deposits of clay silicate materials in the Negro River basin, such as kaolin, which can be used as fillers in polymeric composite materials. This work investigates a new composite material (ETK) made of epoxy resin (ER), powdered tucumã endocarp (PTE), and kaolin (K), without coupling agents, with the aim of producing a composite with lower environmental impact. The ETK samples, totaling 25 different compositions, were prepared by cold molding. Characterizations of the samples were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). In addition, the mechanical properties were determined via tensile, compressive, three-point flexural and impact tests. The FTIR and SEM results showed an interaction between ER, PTE, and K, and the incorporation of PTE and K reduced the mechanical properties of the ETK samples. Nonetheless, these composites can be considered potential materials to be used for sustainable engineering applications in which high mechanical strength is not a main requirement of the material.
含有天然木质纤维素填料的复合材料被认为是传统材料可行且可持续的替代品，因为它们兼具低成本和低重量的特点。在许多热带国家，如巴西，有大量木质纤维素废料被不当丢弃，这对环境造成了污染。亚马逊地区在黑河盆地有大量的粘土硅酸盐材料矿床，如高岭土，可作为聚合物复合材料的填料。这项工作研究了一种由环氧树脂（ER）、图康果内果皮粉末（PTE）和高岭土（K）制成的新型复合材料（ETK），不使用偶联剂，旨在生产一种对环境影响较小的复合材料。总共25种不同成分的ETK样品通过冷压成型制备。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对样品进行表征。此外，通过拉伸、压缩、三点弯曲和冲击试验测定其力学性能。FTIR和SEM结果表明ER、PTE和K之间存在相互作用，PTE和K的加入降低了ETK样品的力学性能。尽管如此，这些复合材料可被视为潜在材料，用于对材料机械强度要求不高的可持续工程应用中。
