Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-Daero, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2023 May 30;15(11):2559. doi: 10.3390/nu15112559.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with the incidence of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment that reduces quality of life in the elderly. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and muscle-derived endocrine factors might contribute to cognitive function by the skeletal muscle-brain endocrine loop. This study investigated the beneficial effects of (AM, graviola) on multi-organ energy metabolism with muscle-brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in mice. Body composition, fasting blood glucose level, insulin, HbA1c%, histopathological changes, and the protein levels of insulin-signaling, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, inflammation, and protein-degradation pathways were measured. AM extract (AME) treatment selectively enhanced insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and hippocampus of T2DM mice. Furthermore, AME treatment effectively increased muscle-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), cathepsin-B (CTSB), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and liver-derived FGF21 that contribute to whole-body energy homeostasis. In particular, AME increased the levels of circulating myokines (FGF21, BDNF, irisin, and CTSB), and these were accordance with the hippocampal neurotrophic factors (BDNF and CTSB) in T2DM mice. In conclusion, we suggest that AME would be a potential nutraceutical for improving the energy metabolism associated with muscle-brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in T2DM.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）与肌少症和认知障碍的发生有关，这些会降低老年人的生活质量。最近的证据表明，肌少症与认知功能障碍有关，肌肉源性内分泌因子可能通过骨骼肌-脑内分泌环对认知功能产生影响。本研究通过与大脑功能相关的肌因子，研究了 （AM，巴西莓）对伴有肌肉-大脑连接的多器官能量代谢的有益作用。测量了身体成分、空腹血糖水平、胰岛素、HbA1c%、组织病理学变化以及胰岛素信号、能量代谢、神经保护、炎症和蛋白降解途径的蛋白水平。AM 提取物（AME）治疗选择性增强了 T2DM 小鼠骨骼肌和海马中的胰岛素信号。此外，AME 治疗有效地增加了肌肉源性成纤维细胞生长因子 21（FGF21）、组织蛋白酶-B（CTSB）、鸢尾素、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和肝源性 FGF21，有助于全身能量稳态。特别是，AME 增加了循环肌因子（FGF21、BDNF、鸢尾素和 CTSB）的水平，这些与 T2DM 小鼠的海马神经营养因子（BDNF 和 CTSB）相符。总之，我们认为 AME 可能是一种有潜力的营养保健品，可通过与大脑功能相关的肌因子改善与肌肉-大脑连接相关的能量代谢。
