Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Trials Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 1;15(11):2604. doi: 10.3390/nu15112604.
Previously, narrative reviews have considered the effects of intermittent fasting on appetite. One suggestion is that intermittent fasting attenuates an increase in appetite that typically accompanies weight loss. Here, we conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of intermittent fasting on appetite, when compared to a continuous energy restriction intervention. Five electronic databases and trial registers were searched in February 2021 and February 2022. Abstracts (N = 2800) were screened and 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), consisting of a variety of intermittent fasting regimes, met our inclusion criteria. The total number of participants allocated to interventions was 1111 and all RCTs were judged as having either some concerns or a high risk of bias (Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool). Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on change-from-baseline appetite ratings. There was no clear evidence that intermittent fasting affected hunger (WMD = -3.03; 95% CI [-8.13, 2.08]; = 0.25; N = 13), fullness (WMD = 3.11; 95% CI [-1.46, 7.69]; = 0.18; N = 10), desire to eat (WMD = -3.89; 95% CI [-12.62, 4.83]; = 0.38; N = 6), or prospective food consumption (WMD = -2.82; 95% CI [-3.87, 9.03]; = 0.43; N = 5), differently to continuous energy restriction interventions. Our results suggest that intermittent fasting does not mitigate an increase in our drive to eat that is often associated with continuous energy restriction.
先前，叙事性综述已经考虑了间歇性禁食对食欲的影响。有一种说法是，间歇性禁食可以减轻通常伴随体重减轻而来的食欲增加。在这里，我们进行了首次系统评价和荟萃分析，以量化与连续能量限制干预相比，间歇性禁食对食欲的影响。我们于 2021 年 2 月和 2022 年 2 月在五个电子数据库和试验登记处进行了搜索。筛选了摘要（N = 2800），并纳入了 17 项随机对照试验（RCT），其中包含各种间歇性禁食方案。纳入干预措施的参与者总数为 1111 人，所有 RCT 均被判定为存在一定的关注或高偏倚风险（Cochrane RoB 2.0 工具）。我们对基线食欲评分的变化进行了随机效应荟萃分析。没有明确证据表明间歇性禁食会影响饥饿感（WMD = -3.03；95%CI [-8.13, 2.08]； = 0.25；N = 13）、饱腹感（WMD = 3.11；95%CI [-1.46, 7.69]； = 0.18；N = 10）、想吃的欲望（WMD = -3.89；95%CI [-12.62, 4.83]； = 0.38；N = 6）或预期食物摄入量（WMD = -2.82；95%CI [-3.87, 9.03]； = 0.43；N = 5），与连续能量限制干预措施不同。我们的结果表明，间歇性禁食并不能减轻与连续能量限制相关的进食驱动力增加。
