NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 2;15(11):2613. doi: 10.3390/nu15112613.
Nutrient elements are essential for human health. The intake of nutrient elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mo, and Cr) in the general Chinese population was comprehensively evaluated via a recent total diet study (2016-2019), covering more than two-thirds of the total population. The contents of nutrient elements in 288 composite dietary samples were determined by ICP-MS. The dietary sources, regional distribution, the relationship with the earth's crust, dietary intake, and health effects were discussed. Plant foods were the main source of both macro-elements and trace elements, accounting for 68-96% of total intake. Trace elements in food were compatible with their abundance in the earth's crust. Na intake reduced by 1/4 over the last decade but was still high. The average intake of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Se did not reach the health guidance values, while the average intake of K, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Cr fell within a reasonable range. No element exceeded the UL. However, an imbalance was identified in the dietary Na/K ratio and Ca/P ratio. This paper provides a most recent and national-representative assessment of nutrient element intake, indicating the significance of salt reduction and dietary structure optimization for the population.
营养元素对人类健康至关重要。通过最近的一项全国性总膳食研究（2016-2019 年），对中国一般人群的营养元素（Na、K、Ca、Mg、P、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Mo 和 Cr）摄入量进行了全面评估，涵盖了超过三分之二的总人口。通过 ICP-MS 测定了 288 个复合膳食样品中的营养元素含量。讨论了营养元素的膳食来源、地域分布、与地壳的关系、膳食摄入量和健康影响。植物性食物是常量元素和微量元素的主要来源，占总摄入量的 68-96%。食物中的微量元素与其在地壳中的丰度相匹配。在过去的十年中，Na 的摄入量减少了 1/4，但仍然很高。Ca、Mg、Zn 和 Se 的平均摄入量未达到健康指导值，而 K、P、Mn、Fe、Cu、Mo 和 Cr 的平均摄入量处于合理范围内。没有元素超过 UL。然而，膳食中 Na/K 比和 Ca/P 比存在不平衡。本文提供了最新的、具有全国代表性的营养元素摄入量评估，表明减少盐摄入量和优化饮食结构对人群的重要性。
