Lombardi-Boccia Ginevra, Aguzzi Altero, Cappelloni Marsilio, Di Lullo Giuseppe, Lucarini Massimo
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Rome, Italy.
Br J Nutr. 2003 Dec;90(6):1117-21. doi: 10.1079/bjn2003997.
The present study provides the dietary intakes of macro elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se) from the Italian total diet. The contribution of the most representative food groups of the total diet (cereals and cereal products, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish) to the daily intakes of these nutrients was also evaluated. The Italian total diet was formulated following the 'market-basket' approach. Cereals represented the primary sources of Cu (35 %), Fe (30 %) and Mg (27 %). About 89 % of the total daily intake of Fe was derived from plant foods. The vegetables food group was the main source of dietary K (27 %). Most of the Ca (59 %) and P (27 %) was derived from the milk-and-dairy food group. Of the dietary Zn, 41 % was provided by meat, which, together with the fish food group, was the primary source of Se (20 %). The adequacy of the Italian total diet with respect to nutritional elements was assessed by comparing the daily intakes with the average requirement values of the Italian recommended dietary allowances. The present findings indicated that the dietary patterns of the Italian total diet were generally consistent with current Italian dietary recommendations for both macro and trace elements. The major concern was for Ca, for which daily intake was 76 % of the average recommendation for the Italian population. It should not be ruled out that there could be a potential risk of inadequate Fe intake in some segments of the population.
本研究提供了意大利总膳食中常量元素（钙、镁、钠、钾、磷）和微量元素（铁、锌、铜、硒）的膳食摄入量。还评估了总膳食中最具代表性的食物组（谷物及谷物制品、蔬菜、水果、牛奶及奶制品、肉类及肉制品、鱼类）对这些营养素每日摄入量的贡献。意大利总膳食是按照“市场篮子”方法制定的。谷物是铜（35%）、铁（30%）和镁（27%）的主要来源。铁的每日总摄入量中约89%来自植物性食物。蔬菜食物组是膳食钾的主要来源（27%）。大部分钙（59%）和磷（27%）来自牛奶及奶制品食物组。膳食锌的41%由肉类提供，肉类与鱼类食物组一起，是硒的主要来源（20%）。通过将每日摄入量与意大利推荐膳食摄入量的平均需求量值进行比较，评估了意大利总膳食中营养元素的充足性。目前的研究结果表明，意大利总膳食的膳食模式总体上与意大利目前关于常量和微量元素的膳食建议一致。主要问题在于钙，其每日摄入量为意大利人群平均建议摄入量的76%。不能排除在部分人群中存在铁摄入不足的潜在风险。
