Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 27;23(11):5113. doi: 10.3390/s23115113.
The present study aimed to analyze swimmers' in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up into 3 tiers based on their personal best performance (i.e., speed) in the 50 m freestyle event (short-course): lower-tier (1.25 ± 0.08 m·s); mid-tier (1.45 ± 0.04 m·s); and top-tier (1.60 ± 0.04 m·s). The in-water mean peak force was measured during a maximum bout of 25 m front crawl using a differential pressure sensors system (Aquanex system, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, USA) and defined as a kinetic variable, while speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index were retrieved and considered as kinematic measures. The top-tier swimmers were taller with a longer arm span and hand surface areas than the low-tier, but similar to the mid-tier. While the mean peak force, speed and efficiency differed among tiers, the stroke rate and stroke length showed mixed findings. Coaches should be aware that young swimmers belonging to the same age group may deliver different performance outcomes due to different kinetic and kinematic behaviors.
本研究旨在分析同一年龄组内不同游泳成绩层次的运动员在水中的动力学和运动学行为。根据 50 米自由泳（短池）个人最好成绩（即速度），将 53 名高水平游泳运动员（男女：12.40 ± 0.74 岁）分为 3 个层次：低层次（1.25 ± 0.08 m·s）；中层次（1.45 ± 0.04 m·s）；和高层次（1.60 ± 0.04 m·s）。使用差压传感器系统（Aquanex 系统，Swimming Technology Research，弗吉尼亚州里士满）测量最大 25 米自由泳冲刺过程中的水中平均峰值力，并将其定义为动力学变量，而速度、划频、划幅和划桨指数则被检索并视为运动学测量。高层次的游泳运动员比低层次的游泳运动员更高，臂展更长，手表面积更大，但与中层次的相似。虽然层次之间的平均峰值力、速度和效率存在差异，但划频和划幅则存在混合结果。教练应该意识到，由于不同的动力学和运动学行为，属于同一年龄组的年轻游泳运动员可能会产生不同的运动表现。
