Santos Catarina C, Marinho Daniel A, Costa Mário J
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Oct 31;10:903753. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.903753. eCollection 2022.
The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of using a differential pressure system to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers. Ten boys and five girls (12.38 ± 0.48 years, 49.13 ± 6.82 kg, 159.71 ± 7.99 cm) were randomly assigned to perform two maximum bouts of 25 m front crawl on different days (trial one, T1; trial two, T2), one week apart. A differential pressure system composed of two hand sensors (Aquanex System, v.4.1, Model DU2, Type A, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, United States) was used to measure the peak (RF) and the mean (RF) resultant force of the dominant and non-dominant hands (in Newton, N). Reliability was analyzed by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), coefficient of variation (CV%), standard error of measurement (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were also analyzed. The results showed no differences between T1 and T2 in all variables ( > 0.05). The ICC showed "excellent" reliability (ICC > 0.90) for the RF and RF in both hands. The CV% was rated as "good" (<5%) and TE was smaller than SWC in all variables. The Bland-Altman plots showed high reliability with a small bias (RF dominant, -0.29 N; RF non-dominant, -0.83 N; RF dominant, 0.03 N; RF non-dominant, 0.50 N). The pressure sensor system (Aquanex System) seems to be a reliable device for measuring the hand resultant force during front crawl in young swimmers and can be used to monitor the changes over time.
本研究的目的是分析使用差压系统测量年轻竞技游泳运动员水中力量的可靠性。10名男孩和5名女孩（年龄12.38±0.48岁，体重49.13±6.82千克，身高159.71±7.99厘米）被随机分配在不同日期进行两组25米自由泳的最大强度测试（第一次测试，T1；第二次测试，T2），两次测试间隔一周。使用由两个手部传感器组成的差压系统（Aquanex系统，v.4.1，DU2型号，A型，游泳技术研究公司，美国弗吉尼亚州里士满）测量优势手和非优势手的峰值合力（RF）和平均合力（RF）（单位为牛顿，N）。通过计算组内相关系数（ICC）、典型误差（TE）、最小有意义变化（SWC）、变异系数（CV%）、测量标准误差（SEM）和最小可检测变化（MDC）来分析可靠性。还分析了具有95%一致性界限的布兰德-奥特曼图。结果显示，所有变量在T1和T2之间均无差异（>0.05）。ICC显示双手的RF和RF均具有“优秀”的可靠性（ICC>0.90）。CV%被评为“良好”（<5%），所有变量的TE均小于SWC。布兰德-奥特曼图显示可靠性高，偏差小（优势手RF为-0.29 N；非优势手RF为-0.83 N；优势手RF为0.03 N；非优势手RF为0.50 N）。压力传感器系统（Aquanex系统）似乎是一种可靠的设备，可用于测量年轻游泳运动员自由泳时的手部合力，并可用于监测随时间的变化。
