Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
Food Funct. 2023 Jul 3;14(13):5962-5976. doi: 10.1039/d3fo00328k.
An elevated postprandial glycaemic response is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inhibition of digestive enzymes, including membrane-bound brush-border α-glucosidases, leads to slowed carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and reduced postprandial glycaemia. Nuts are eaten widely around the world, and have the potential to inhibit α-glucosidases through their content of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We set out to conduct a systematic literature review exploring the inhibitory effect of extracts from edible parts of various nuts on α-glucosidase activity to ensure, as far as possible, that no papers were missed. After an initial screening, 38 studies were reviewed in full, of which 15 were suitable for the present systematic review. Notably, no studies were found which tested the inhibitory potential of nut extracts against human α-glucosidases. Two studies showed that extracts from almonds and hazelnuts inhibited rat α-glucosidase activity, but the remaining papers reported data on the yeast α-glucosidase enzyme. Where yeast and rat enzymes can be compared, it is clear that nut extracts inhibit yeast α-glucosidase more strongly than mammalian α-glucosidase, which may lead to over-estimation when predicting effects when using data from the yeast enzyme. In contrast, acarbose is a stronger inhibitor of mammalian α-glucosidase compared to the yeast enzyme. Thus, although the present review indicates that extracts from nuts inhibit yeast α-glucosidase, this cannot be extrapolated to humans . There is some evidence that extracts from almonds and hazelnuts inhibit rat α-glucosidase, but no information on human enzyme sources. Since most work has been published on the yeast enzyme, future work must utilise mammalian, and preferably human, α-glucosidases in order to be relevant to human health and disease. This systematic review was registered at INPLASY as INPLASY202280061.
餐后高血糖反应是 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的一个风险因素。抑制包括膜结合刷状缘α-葡萄糖苷酶在内的消化酶可导致碳水化合物消化和吸收减慢，从而降低餐后血糖。坚果在世界各地广泛食用，其多酚和其他生物活性化合物的含量有可能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶。我们着手进行了一项系统文献综述，旨在探索各种坚果可食用部分提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用，以确保尽可能不遗漏任何文献。经过初步筛选，共综述了 38 项研究，其中 15 项适合本系统综述。值得注意的是，没有发现任何研究测试过坚果提取物对人α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制潜力。有两项研究表明，杏仁和榛子提取物抑制大鼠α-葡萄糖苷酶活性，但其余论文报告的是酵母α-葡萄糖苷酶的数据。在可以比较酵母和大鼠酶的情况下，很明显，坚果提取物对酵母α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用强于哺乳动物α-葡萄糖苷酶，这可能导致在使用酵母酶的数据进行预测时高估其效果。相比之下，阿卡波糖对哺乳动物α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用强于酵母酶。因此，尽管本综述表明坚果提取物抑制酵母α-葡萄糖苷酶，但这不能外推至人类。有一些证据表明杏仁和榛子提取物抑制大鼠α-葡萄糖苷酶，但没有关于人类酶源的信息。由于大多数工作都是在酵母酶上发表的，因此未来的工作必须使用哺乳动物，最好是人类α-葡萄糖苷酶，才能与人类健康和疾病相关。本系统综述已在 INPLASY 上注册，注册号为 INPLASY202280061。
