Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Physiol Plant. 2023 May-Jun;175(3):e13952. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13952.
Together with toxicity, beneficial effects on plant growth have been ascribed to nanoparticles (NPs). This study aimed to survey the growth performance and metabolome adjustment of beans grown in a growth medium containing ZnONPs at different concentrations and compared with bulk ZnSO as a positive control. Growth parameters showed a reduction in shoot height starting from the lowest (25 mg L ) concentration of ZnONPs. In comparison, growth was inhibited from 50 mg L ZnSO , suggesting more toxic effects of nano forms of Zn. Untargeted metabolomics allowed us to unravel the biochemical processes involved in both promising and detrimental aspects. Multivariate statistics indicated that the tested Zn species substantially and distinctively altered the metabolic profile of both roots and leaves, with more metabolites altered in the former (435) compared with leaves (381). Despite having Zn forms in the growth medium, also leaf metabolome underwent a significant and extensive modulation. In general, the elicitation of secondary metabolism (N-containing compounds, phenylpropanoids, and phytoalexins) and the down-accumulation of fatty acid biosynthesis compounds were common responses to different Zn forms. However, an opposite trend could be observed for amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and cofactors being down-accumulated in ZnONPs treatment. Osmolytes, especially in ZnSO treatment, contributed to mitigating the effect of Zn toxicity and maintaining plant growth. Overall, the results indicated a complexity of tissue-specific and Zn-dependent response differences, resulting in distinctive metabolic perturbations.
与毒性一起，纳米粒子 (NPs) 还被认为对植物生长有有益的影响。本研究旨在调查在含有不同浓度 ZnO NPs 的生长培养基中生长的豆类的生长性能和代谢组调整，并与作为阳性对照的 bulk ZnSO 进行比较。生长参数显示，从最低浓度（25mg/L）的 ZnO NPs 开始，茎高降低。相比之下，从 50mg/L 的 ZnSO 开始，生长受到抑制，表明纳米形式的 Zn 具有更强的毒性。非靶向代谢组学使我们能够揭示参与有希望和有害方面的生化过程。多变量统计表明，测试的 Zn 物种显著且明显改变了根和叶的代谢谱，前者（435 个）比叶（381 个）中改变的代谢物更多。尽管生长培养基中含有 Zn 形式，但叶代谢组也经历了显著和广泛的调节。一般来说，次生代谢物（含氮化合物、苯丙烷类和植物抗毒素）的诱导和脂肪酸生物合成化合物的下调积累是对不同 Zn 形式的共同反应。然而，对于氨基酸、脂肪酸、碳水化合物和辅因子，可以观察到相反的趋势，它们在 ZnO NPs 处理中下调积累。渗透调节剂，特别是在 ZnSO 处理中，有助于减轻 Zn 毒性的影响并维持植物生长。总的来说，结果表明存在组织特异性和 Zn 依赖性反应差异的复杂性，导致独特的代谢扰动。
