Secomandi Elena, De Gregorio Marco Armando, Castro-Cegrí Alejandro, Lucini Luigi
Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Sciences, Technologies and Society, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Physiol Plant. 2025 Jan-Feb;177(1):e70062. doi: 10.1111/ppl.70062.
Ensuring food security is one of the main challenges related to a growing global population under climate change conditions. The increasing soil salinity levels, drought, heatwaves, and late chilling severely threaten crops and often co-occur in field conditions. This work aims to provide deeper insight into the impact of single vs. combined abiotic stresses at the growth, biochemical and photosynthetic levels in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Reduced QY max was recorded in salinity-stressed plants, NPQ increased in heat and salinity single and combined stresses, and qP decreased in combined stresses. MDA and HO content were consistently altered under all stress conditions, but higher values were recorded under salinity alone and in combination. Salinity alone and in stress combinations (especially with cold) provided a stronger hierarchical effect. Despite glycine and GABA osmolytes not significantly changing, proline highlighted the hierarchically stronger impact of salinity, while glycine-betaine was decreased under drought combinations. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinct metabolic reprogramming triggered by the different stress conditions, alone or in combination. Pathway analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected hormones, amino acids and derivates, and secondary metabolites. Flavonoids accumulated under drought (alone and combined with heat and cold stresses), while N-containing compounds decreased under all combined stresses. Looking at the interactions across the parameters investigated, antagonistic, additive, or synergistic effects could be observed depending on the biochemical process considered. Notwithstanding, these results contribute to delving into the impact of various stress combinations, hierarchically highlighting the stress-specific effects and pointing out different combinations.
在气候变化条件下，确保粮食安全是与全球人口增长相关的主要挑战之一。土壤盐度上升、干旱、热浪和晚霜严重威胁作物生长，且这些情况在田间条件下常常同时出现。这项工作旨在更深入地了解单一非生物胁迫与复合非生物胁迫对拟南芥生长、生化和光合水平的影响。盐胁迫处理的植株最大量子产量降低，在热胁迫和盐胁迫单一及复合处理下非光化学淬灭增加，复合胁迫下光化学淬灭系数降低。在所有胁迫条件下，丙二醛和过氧化氢含量均持续变化，但单独盐胁迫及复合胁迫下的含量更高。单独盐胁迫及胁迫组合（尤其是与冷胁迫组合）具有更强的分级效应。尽管甘氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸渗透调节物质没有显著变化，但脯氨酸突出了盐胁迫更强的分级效应，而在干旱组合下甜菜碱含量降低。非靶向代谢组学指出，不同胁迫条件单独或组合处理会引发不同的代谢重编程。通路分析表明，非生物胁迫显著影响激素、氨基酸及其衍生物以及次生代谢物。黄酮类化合物在干旱（单独以及与热胁迫和冷胁迫复合）处理下积累，而含氮化合物在所有复合胁迫下减少。从所研究参数之间的相互作用来看，根据所考虑的生化过程，可观察到拮抗、累加或协同效应。尽管如此，这些结果有助于深入研究各种胁迫组合的影响，分级突出胁迫特异性效应并指出不同组合。
