Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Alameda Elio Antônio Dalla Vecchia, 838, CEP 85040-167 - Vila Carli, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(33):79617-79626. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28141-4. Epub 2023 Jun 15.
Beehives constitute a source of environmental contaminants because forager bees explore their habitat and unintentionally accumulate them while foraging for food. Therefore, this review paper investigated different bee species and products from 55 countries to identify how they can help environmental biomonitoring by giving an overview of the past 11 years. Thereby is presented in this study the beehive's use as a bioindicator for metals, analytical techniques, data analysis, environmental compartments, common inorganic contaminants, reference thresholds for some metal concentrations in bees and honey, and other factors over more than 100 references. Most authors agree that the honey bee is a suitable bioindicator to assess toxic metal contamination, and among its products, propolis, pollen, and beeswax are more suited than honey. However, in some situations, when comparing bees with their products, bees are more efficient as potential environmental biomonitors. Some factors such as the colony location, floral sources, regional effects, and activities surrounding the apiary influence the bees, and the composition of their products is reflected by alterations in their chemical profile, making them suitable bioindicators.
蜂巢是环境污染物的来源，因为觅食的蜜蜂在寻找食物时会探索它们的栖息地，并在无意中积累这些污染物。因此，本文综述了过去 11 年来自 55 个国家的不同蜜蜂物种和产品，以确定它们如何通过概述来帮助环境生物监测。本研究介绍了蜂巢作为金属生物指示剂的用途、分析技术、数据分析、环境成分、常见无机污染物、一些金属在蜜蜂和蜂蜜中的浓度参考阈值，以及 100 多篇参考文献中的其他因素。大多数作者都认为，蜜蜂是评估有毒金属污染的合适生物指示剂，在其产品中，蜂胶、花粉和蜂蜡比蜂蜜更适合作为生物指示剂。然而，在某些情况下，当比较蜜蜂与其产品时，蜜蜂作为潜在的环境生物监测器更为有效。一些因素，如蜂群位置、花卉来源、区域影响和养蜂场周围的活动，都会影响蜜蜂，而它们产品的成分则反映在其化学特征的变化上，这使它们成为合适的生物指示剂。
