School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023 Jul;237:103960. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103960. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
People tend to ignore the probabilistic rules cued by the base-rate information and rely on the heuristic intuition cued by the descriptive information to make "stereotypical" responses in base-rate problems. Conflict detection studies have shown that reasoners can detect conflicts between heuristic intuition and probabilistic considerations despite ultimately stereotypical responses. However, these studies primarily used extreme base-rate tasks. A critical open question is the extent to which successful conflict detection relies on an extreme base rate. The present study explores this issue by manipulating the base-rate extremity of problems in which the descriptive information and the base-rate information conflict or not. As a result, when reasoners made stereotypical responses in the conflict version of the moderate base-rate task, they took longer to respond, had lower confidence in their responses, and were slower to evaluate their confidence than in the no-conflict version of the task. All three measures indicate that stereotypical reasoners can stably detect conflict in moderate base-rate tasks, which expands the scope of successful conflict detection. Moreover, our response confidence data found a larger detection effect size in the extreme base-rate condition than in the moderate base-rate condition. This suggests that conflict detection is more efficient as the base-rate extremity increases. Implications for the boundary conditions of conflict detection are discussed.
人们往往会忽略由基本比率信息提示的概率规则，而依赖描述性信息提示的启发式直觉，在基本比率问题中做出“刻板”的反应。冲突检测研究表明，尽管最终会产生刻板反应，但推理者可以检测到启发式直觉和概率考虑之间的冲突。然而，这些研究主要使用了极端的基本比率任务。一个关键的未解决问题是，成功的冲突检测在多大程度上依赖于极端的基本比率。本研究通过操纵问题的基本比率极端性来探讨这个问题，这些问题中的描述性信息和基本比率信息是否存在冲突。结果表明，当推理者在中等基本比率任务的冲突版本中做出刻板反应时，他们的反应速度更慢，对反应的信心更低，并且评估信心的速度也比任务的无冲突版本更慢。这三个指标都表明，刻板的推理者可以在中等基本比率任务中稳定地检测到冲突，从而扩大了成功冲突检测的范围。此外，我们的反应置信度数据在极端基本比率条件下比在中等基本比率条件下发现了更大的检测效果量。这表明，随着基本比率的极端性增加，冲突检测的效率更高。讨论了对冲突检测的边界条件的影响。
