Zhu Debiao, Lu Ping, Hu Zhujing, Yang Jianyong, Nie Dandan
School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
School of Education, Jiangxi University of Technology, Nanchang 330022, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Jan 18;15(1):83. doi: 10.3390/bs15010083.
The default-interventionist model of dual-process theories proposes that stereotype descriptions in base-rate problems are processed using Type 1 processing, while the evaluation of base rates depends on Type 2 processing. The logical intuition view posits that people can process base-rate information using Type 1 processing. This study examined the logical intuition view using the instructional manipulation paradigm. Participants judged the probability that a character in a base-rate problem belonged to a particular group based on either their beliefs or statistics and then rated their confidence in their responses. Results showed that a belief-statistics conflict affected both statistics- and belief-based judgments, resulting in lower probability estimates, longer response times, and lower confidence ratings for conflict items compared to no-conflict items, suggesting participants intuitively processed base rates such that they influenced rapid belief judgments. This intuitive logic effect was observed for extreme base rates, moderate base rates, and moderate base rates with small absolute values. These findings are inconsistent with the default-interventionist model but align with dual-process theories emphasizing logical intuition. The study provides additional evidence for human rationality.
双加工理论的默认干预模型提出，在基础概率问题中，刻板印象描述通过1型加工进行处理，而基础概率的评估则依赖于2型加工。逻辑直觉观点假定人们可以使用1型加工来处理基础概率信息。本研究采用教学操纵范式检验了逻辑直觉观点。参与者根据他们的信念或统计数据判断基础概率问题中一个人物属于特定群体的概率，然后对他们回答的信心进行评分。结果表明，信念与统计的冲突影响了基于统计和基于信念的判断，与无冲突项目相比，冲突项目的概率估计更低、反应时间更长、信心评分更低，这表明参与者直观地处理了基础概率，以至于它们影响了快速的信念判断。在极端基础概率、中等基础概率以及绝对值较小的中等基础概率情况下，均观察到了这种直观逻辑效应。这些发现与默认干预模型不一致，但与强调逻辑直觉的双加工理论相符。该研究为人类理性提供了额外的证据。
