Abraham I L
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1986 Feb;112(1):41-102.
This review posits that clinical inference be studied as an instance of human inference. Normative rules for clinical inference may be derived from those for human inference in general, but clinicians choose not to adhere to them, relying instead on possibly biasing and suboptimal methods. A seven-phase model of clinical inference, with each phase containing particular tasks, is presented. Performance on these tasks depends on the effect of cognitive and environmental influences and the application of cognitive strategies, with erroneous performance leading to impaired clinical inference.
本综述认为，临床推理应作为人类推理的一个实例来研究。临床推理的规范规则可能一般源自人类推理的规则，但临床医生选择不遵循这些规则，而是依赖可能存在偏差且不够理想的方法。本文提出了一个临床推理的七阶段模型，每个阶段包含特定任务。这些任务的表现取决于认知和环境影响的作用以及认知策略的应用，错误的表现会导致临床推理受损。
