Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Dec 5;317:116789. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116789. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Lythrum salicaria L., also called purple loosestrife, has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant to treat internal dysfunction, such as gastrointestinal disorders or hemorrhages. It contains numerous phytochemical compounds, including orientin, and has been reported to have anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
The effects of Lythrum salicaria L. on obesity have not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of Lythri Herba, the aerial part of this plant, in vitro and in vivo.
Using distilled water, Lythri Herba water extracts (LHWE) were prepared by extracting Lythri Herba at 100°Ϲ. The contents of orientin in LHWE were identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of LHWE, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used. Oil-red O staining was performed to examine the anti-adipogenic effects of LHWE in vitro. The histological changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (epiWAT) by LHWE were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific quantification kits measured total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum. The relative fold induction of protein and mRNA was determined using western blot and Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, respectively.
HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of orientin in LHWE. LHWE treatment markedly reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. LHWE administration also conferred resistance to HFD-induced weight gain in mice and reduced epiWAT mass. Mechanistically, LHWE significantly decreased lipogenesis by downregulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, and carbohydrate response element binding protein expression and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epiWAT. Furthermore, LHWE significantly up-regulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epiWAT.
LHWE decreases white adipogenesis in vitro and HFD-induced weight gain in vivo, which is associated with reduced lipogenesis and enhanced FAO.
节节草（Lythrum salicaria L.），又称紫蔺，传统上被用作药用植物来治疗内部功能障碍，如胃肠道疾病或出血。它含有多种植物化学化合物，包括Orientin，并已被报道具有抗腹泻、抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌特性。
节节草（Lythrum salicaria L.）对肥胖的影响尚未得到探索。因此，我们研究了这种植物的地上部分节节草的水提取物（LHWE）的体外和体内抗肥胖作用。
使用蒸馏水，通过在 100°C 下提取节节草来制备 LHWE。使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析鉴定 LHWE 中 Orientin 的含量。为了评估 LHWE 的抗肥胖作用，使用 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞和高脂肪饮食（HFD）喂养的小鼠进行实验。油红 O 染色用于体外检测 LHWE 的抗脂肪生成作用。通过苏木精和伊红染色检查 LHWE 对附睾白色脂肪组织（epiWAT）的组织学变化。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测量血清瘦素水平。使用特定的定量试剂盒测量血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的水平。使用 Western blot 和定量实时聚合酶链反应分析分别确定蛋白质和 mRNA 的相对诱导倍数。
HPLC 分析表明 LHWE 中存在 Orientin。LHWE 处理显著减少了分化的 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞中的脂质积累。LHWE 给药还赋予了小鼠抵抗 HFD 诱导的体重增加的能力，并减少了 epiWAT 质量。从机制上讲，LHWE 通过下调脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶、脂肪酸合成酶、硬脂酰辅酶 A 去饱和酶 1、固醇调节元件结合转录因子 1 和碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白来显著减少脂肪生成表达，并增加参与脂肪酸氧化（FAO）的基因的表达，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶 1 在 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞和 epiWAT 中。此外，LHWE 显著上调了 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞和 epiWAT 中 AMP 激活蛋白激酶的磷酸化。
LHWE 减少了体外白色脂肪生成和体内 HFD 诱导的体重增加，这与脂肪生成减少和 FAO 增强有关。
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