Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Evolution. 2023 Sep 1;77(9):2015-2028. doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpad107.
In dioecious populations, the sexes employ divergent reproductive strategies to maximize fitness and, as a result, genetic variants can affect fitness differently in males and females. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted an important role of the mating environment in shaping the strength and direction of sex-specific selection. Here, we measure adult fitness for each sex of 357 lines from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource in two different mating environments. We analyze the data using three different approaches to gain insight into the sex-specific genetic architecture for fitness: classical quantitative genetics, genomic associations, and a mutational burden approach. The quantitative genetics analysis finds that on average segregating genetic variation in this population has concordant fitness effects both across the sexes and across mating environments. We do not find specific genomic regions with strong associations with either sexually antagonistic (SA) or sexually concordant (SC) fitness effects, yet there is modest evidence of an excess of genomic regions with weak associations, with both SA and SC fitness effects. Our examination of mutational burden indicates stronger selection against indels and loss-of-function variants in females than in males.
在雌雄异株的种群中，两性采用不同的繁殖策略来最大限度地提高适应性，因此，遗传变异可能会对两性的适应性产生不同的影响。此外，最近的研究强调了交配环境在塑造性别特异性选择的强度和方向方面的重要作用。在这里，我们在两种不同的交配环境下，测量了来自果蝇综合种群资源的 357 条品系的每个性别的成虫适应性。我们使用三种不同的方法来分析数据，以深入了解适应性的性别特异性遗传结构：经典数量遗传学、基因组关联和突变负担方法。数量遗传学分析发现，平均而言，这个种群中分离的遗传变异在两性和交配环境中都具有一致的适应性效应。我们没有发现与性拮抗（SA）或性一致（SC）适应性效应具有强烈关联的特定基因组区域，但有适度的证据表明，具有弱关联的基因组区域过多，同时具有 SA 和 SC 适应性效应。我们对突变负担的检查表明，与雄性相比，雌性中缺失和功能丧失变体受到更强的选择压力。
