Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023 Sep;200:114966. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114966. Epub 2023 Jun 15.
Gastrointestinal mucus plays essential roles in modulating interactions between intestinal lumen contents, including orally delivered drug carriers and the gut microbiome, and underlying epithelial and immune tissues and cells. This review is focused on the properties of and methods for studying native gastrointestinal mucus and its interactions with intestinal lumen contents, including drug delivery systems, drugs, and bacteria. The properties of gastrointestinal mucus important to consider in its analysis are first presented, followed by a discussion of different experimental setups used to study gastrointestinal mucus. Applications of native intestinal mucus are then described, including experimental methods used to study mucus as a barrier to drug delivery and interactions with intestinal lumen contents that impact barrier properties. Given the significance of the microbiota in health and disease, its impact on drug delivery and drug metabolism, and the use of probiotics and microbe-based delivery systems, analysis of interactions of bacteria with native intestinal mucus is then reviewed. Specifically, bacteria adhesion to, motility within, and degradation of mucus is discussed. Literature noted is focused largely on applications of native intestinal mucus models as opposed to isolated mucins or reconstituted mucin gels.
胃肠道黏液在调节肠道腔内容物（包括口服药物载体和肠道微生物群）与上皮组织和免疫细胞之间的相互作用方面发挥着重要作用。本综述重点介绍了天然胃肠道黏液的特性和研究方法及其与肠道腔内容物（包括药物传递系统、药物和细菌）的相互作用。首先介绍了分析胃肠道黏液时需要考虑的重要特性，然后讨论了用于研究胃肠道黏液的不同实验设置。接着描述了天然肠道黏液的应用，包括用于研究作为药物传递屏障的黏液以及与影响屏障特性的肠道腔内容物相互作用的实验方法。鉴于微生物群在健康和疾病中的重要性、其对药物传递和药物代谢的影响以及益生菌和基于微生物的传递系统的使用，然后综述了细菌与天然肠道黏液的相互作用分析。具体讨论了细菌对黏液的黏附、在黏液中的运动和对黏液的降解。本文重点介绍了天然肠道黏液模型的应用，而不是分离的黏蛋白或重建的黏蛋白凝胶。
