Department of Science Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Doba, PO Box 03, Doba, Chad.
Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Parasitol Int. 2023 Oct;96:102772. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102772. Epub 2023 Jun 16.
Despite considerable data generated on livestock trypanosomoses in tsetse-infested areas, little attention was paid for animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) in sleeping sickness foci. This study aimed to fill this gap by determining the diversity and prevalence of trypanosome species in animals from three Chadian human African trypanosomosis (HAT) foci. Blood samples were collected from 443 goats, 339 sheep, 228 dogs and 98 pigs of the Mandoul, Maro and Moissala HAT foci in the south of Chad. Capillary tube centrifugation (CTC) and specific primers were used to search trypanosomes. The prevalence of trypanosome infections was 6.3% for CTC and 22.7% for PCR. Trypanosomes of the sub-genus Trypanozoon had the highest prevalence (16.6%) while T. congolense savannah (1.9%) was least prevalent. Significant differences were recorded between the prevalence of trypanosome species (χ = 8.34; p = 0.04) and HAT foci (χ = 24.86; p ≤0.0001). Maro had the highest prevalence (32.7%) and Mandoul the lowest (17.4%). Significant differences were also recorded for T. congolense forest (χ = 45.106; p < 0.0001) and all T. congolense (χ = 34.992; p < 0.0001). Goats had the highest prevalence (26.9%) and sheep the lowest one (18.6%). Between animals, significant differences were recorded for trypanosomes of the sub-genus Trypanozoon (χ = 9.443; p = 0.024), T. congolense forest (χ = 10.476; p = 0.015) and all T. congolense (χ = 12.152; p = 0.007). Of the 251 animals carrying trypanosome infections, 88.8% had single infections while 11.2% had more than one trypanosome species. The overall prevalence of single and mixed trypanosome infections were respectively 20.1% and 2.6% in animal taxa of all foci. This study highlighted a diversity of trypanosomes in animal taxa of all HAT foci. It showed that AAT constitutes a threat for animal health and animal breeding in Chadian HAT foci. In these tsetse infested areas, reaching the elimination of AAT requires the designing and the implementation of control measures against trypanosome infections.
尽管在采采蝇肆虐地区已经产生了大量关于家畜锥虫病的数据，但在昏睡病流行地区，人们对动物非洲锥虫病（AAT）关注甚少。本研究旨在通过确定乍得三个人类非洲锥虫病（HAT）流行地区的动物中锥虫种类的多样性和流行率来填补这一空白。从乍得南部的 Mandoul、Maro 和 Moissala HAT 流行地区采集了 443 只山羊、339 只绵羊、228 只狗和 98 头猪的血液样本。使用毛细管离心管（CTC）和特定引物来搜索锥虫。CTC 的锥虫感染流行率为 6.3%，PCR 的流行率为 22.7%。亚属锥虫的锥虫的流行率最高（16.6%），而 T. congolense savannah（1.9%）的流行率最低。锥虫物种的流行率（χ²=8.34；p=0.04）和 HAT 流行地区（χ²=24.86；p≤0.0001）之间存在显著差异。Maro 的流行率最高（32.7%），而 Mandoul 的流行率最低（17.4%）。T. congolense forest（χ²=45.106；p<0.0001）和所有 T. congolense（χ²=34.992；p<0.0001）也存在显著差异。山羊的流行率最高（26.9%），绵羊的流行率最低（18.6%）。在动物之间，亚属锥虫（χ²=9.443；p=0.024）、T. congolense forest（χ²=10.476；p=0.015）和所有 T. congolense（χ²=12.152；p=0.007）的流行率存在显著差异。在携带锥虫感染的 251 只动物中，88.8%的动物只有单一感染，11.2%的动物有多种锥虫感染。在所有流行地区的动物分类群中，单一和混合锥虫感染的总流行率分别为 20.1%和 2.6%。本研究强调了所有 HAT 流行地区动物分类群中锥虫的多样性。它表明，AAT 对乍得 HAT 流行地区的动物健康和动物养殖构成威胁。在这些采采蝇肆虐的地区，要实现 AAT 的消除，需要设计和实施针对锥虫感染的控制措施。
