Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Nutr Res. 2023 Aug;116:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.007. Epub 2023 May 25.
Evidence supports that growth trajectory during infancy has a major impact on body composition. We aimed to examine body composition in children born small for gestational age (SGA) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) adjusted for postnatal growth velocity. We enrolled 365 children, 75 SGA and 290 AGA, aged 7 to 10 years, examining anthropometrics, skinfold thickness, and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Growth velocity was defined as rapid or slow (weight gain > or <0.67 z-scores, respectively). Gestational age, sex, delivery mode, gestational diabetes, hypertension, nutrition, exercise, parental body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status were considered. At a mean of 9 years of age, SGA compared with AGA-born children, had significantly lower lean mass. BMI was negatively associated with SGA status (beta = 0.80, P = .046), after adjusting for birth weight, delivery mode, and breastfeeding. The lean mass index was negatively associated with SGA status (beta = 0.39, P = .018), after adjusting for the same factors. SGA-born participants with slow growth velocity had significantly lower lean mass in comparison to AGA-born counterparts. SGA-born children with rapid compared with those with slow growth velocity had significantly higher absolute fat mass. BMI was negatively associated with a slow postnatal growth pattern (beta = 0.59, P = .023), and the lean mass index was negatively associated with a slow postnatal growth pattern (beta = 0.78, P = .006), after adjusting for the same factors. In conclusion, SGA-born children presented a lower lean mass in comparison to AGA-born counterparts, whereas BMI and lean mass index were negatively associated with slow postnatal growth velocity.
有证据表明，婴儿期的生长轨迹对身体成分有重大影响。我们旨在检查出生体重小于胎龄（SGA）或适于胎龄（AGA）的儿童的身体成分，这些儿童的生长速度在出生后得到了调整。我们招募了 365 名 7 至 10 岁的儿童，其中 75 名 SGA 和 290 名 AGA，检查了人体测量学、皮褶厚度和使用生物电阻抗分析的身体成分。生长速度定义为快速或缓慢（体重分别增加>或<0.67 z 分数）。考虑了胎龄、性别、分娩方式、妊娠期糖尿病、高血压、营养、运动、父母的体重指数（BMI）和社会经济地位。在平均 9 岁时，与 AGA 出生的儿童相比，SGA 出生的儿童的瘦体重明显较低。在调整了出生体重、分娩方式和母乳喂养后，BMI 与 SGA 状态呈负相关（β=0.80，P=0.046）。瘦体重指数与 SGA 状态呈负相关（β=0.39，P=0.018），在调整了相同因素后。与 AGA 出生的儿童相比，生长速度较慢的 SGA 出生的参与者的瘦体重明显较低。与生长速度较慢的 SGA 出生的儿童相比，生长速度较快的 SGA 出生的儿童的绝对脂肪量明显较高。BMI 与出生后的生长速度较慢呈负相关（β=-0.59，P=0.023），瘦体重指数与出生后的生长速度较慢呈负相关（β=-0.78，P=0.006），在调整了相同因素后。总之，与 AGA 出生的儿童相比，SGA 出生的儿童的瘦体重较低，而 BMI 和瘦体重指数与出生后生长速度较慢呈负相关。
