Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Northern Territory Medical Program, Flinders University, Darwin, Darwin, NT, Australia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 21;12:1349040. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1349040. eCollection 2024.
In Australia the estimated rate of small for gestational age (SGA) births is 9% among non-Indigenous births compared to 14% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. There is limited research investigating the effect of being born SGA on body composition later in life in Indigenous Australians.
Using data from the Aboriginal Birth Cohort longitudinal study, we compared the body composition of those born SGA to non-SGA by analysing anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage [FAT%], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio, and A body shape index [ABSI]) collected at four follow-up periods (from childhood to adult). For cross-sectional analyses, linear regression models were employed to assess factors associated with anthropometric measures. For longitudinal analyses linear mixed models were employed to assess differences in anthropometric measures among SGA versus non-SGA individuals while adjusting for repeated measures.
The analytic baseline cohort were those who participated in Wave 2 ( = 570). In cross-sectional analyses, across all waves those born SGA had smaller anthropometric z-scores compared to non-SGA individuals (β ranging from -0.50 to -0.25). Participants residing in urban environments were significantly larger in Waves 2 to 4 (β ranged 0.26 to 0.65). Those born SGA had higher ABSI scores in Waves 2 and 4 (β 0.26 and 0.37, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, those born SGA had smaller measures of body composition across the life course; these differences were larger in urban communities. In remote communities those born SGA had significantly higher ABSI scores during adolescence and young adulthood, and this difference was not observed in urban communities.
Indigenous Australians born SGA are smaller anthropometrically later in life compared to their non-SGA counterparts. In remote communities, those born SGA had higher levels of central adiposity compared to non-SGA.
在澳大利亚，非原住民出生的婴儿中，估计有 9%属于小于胎龄儿（SGA），而在原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民中，这一比例为 14%。关于 SGA 出生对澳大利亚原住民后期身体成分的影响，相关研究有限。
本研究使用原住民出生队列纵向研究的数据，通过分析在四个随访期（从儿童期到成年期）收集的身高、体重、腰围、体脂百分比（FAT%）、体重指数（BMI）、腰高比和 A 体型指数（ABSI）等人体测量指标，比较了 SGA 出生儿和非 SGA 出生儿的身体成分。对于横断面分析，采用线性回归模型评估与人体测量指标相关的因素。对于纵向分析，采用线性混合模型评估 SGA 与非 SGA 个体之间的人体测量指标差异，同时调整重复测量。
分析的基线队列是参加第 2 波（n=570）的人群。在横断面分析中，所有波次中，SGA 出生儿的人体测量 z 分数均小于非 SGA 出生儿（β值范围为-0.50 至-0.25）。居住在城市环境中的参与者在第 2 波至第 4 波时显著更大（β值范围为 0.26 至 0.65）。在第 2 波和第 4 波，SGA 出生儿的 ABSI 评分更高（β分别为 0.26 和 0.37）。在纵向分析中，SGA 出生儿在整个生命过程中身体成分的测量值更小；在城市社区中，这些差异更大。在偏远社区，SGA 出生儿在青少年和成年早期的 ABSI 评分显著更高，而在城市社区中则没有观察到这种差异。
与非 SGA 出生儿相比，澳大利亚原住民中 SGA 出生儿后期的人体测量值较小。在偏远社区，SGA 出生儿的中心性肥胖水平高于非 SGA 出生儿。
