Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Aug;121:110461. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461. Epub 2023 Jun 16.
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
人参皂苷是从人参属植物（如人参、西洋参和三七）中提取的甾体糖苷。最近的研究进展表明，每种类型的人参皂苷都具有多种生理功能，即在炎症性疾病中具有免疫调节、抗氧化和抗炎作用。尽管人参皂苷的抗炎作用的分子机制在很大程度上仍不清楚，但越来越多的证据揭示了单一或联合使用人参皂苷发挥抗炎作用的分子机制。众所周知，活性氧（ROS）的过度产生与各种细胞中的病理性炎症和细胞死亡有关，并且抑制 ROS 的产生可以改善局部和全身炎症反应。人参皂苷减轻炎症的机制尚不清楚；然而，靶向 ROS 被认为是人参皂苷控制免疫和非免疫细胞中病理性炎症的关键机制之一。本综述将总结人参皂苷研究的最新进展，特别是其抗氧化机制在抗炎作用方面的最新进展。更好地了解不同类型和联合作用的人参皂苷将为开发治疗各种炎症相关疾病的潜在预防和治疗方法铺平道路。
