Kim Jaewook, Choi Bae Young, Shim Donghwan, Jo Ick-Hyun
Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Korea National University of Transportation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2025 May;49(3):315-325. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.12.007. Epub 2025 Jan 1.
fruit tissue is one of the richest sources of valuable constituents such as ginsenosides and anthocyanins. Although anthocyanins extracted from the fruit tissue of are utilized, it is uncertain how anthocyanin accumulation is regulated and which anthocyanin varieties are synthesized.
Fruits of four cultivars were collected for total RNA extraction and RNA-Seq analysis using the Illumina HiSeq X platform. Anthocyanins were extracted and analyzed by UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS to identify and quantify individual derivatives. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by functional annotation and network analysis to evaluate gene expression patterns.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of four differently colored cultivars revealed that flavonoid biosynthetic genes associated with the karrikin response and jasmonate-responsive genes were upregulated in anthocyanin-rich fruits. Network analysis further revealed a putative regulatory complex consists of karrikin- and jasmonate-responsive genes along with flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Analyzing the UPLC-DAD extracts of the fruit of cv. Chunpoong found that the fruit tissue of is rich in pelargonidin.
Our research provides how anthocyanin is accumulated and which type is accumulated in fruit tissue of including the original compound, pelargonidin 3-O-(2″-O-glucosyl)galactoside. We expect that our research will lead to improved breeding efficiency for the development of cultivars containing more flavonoid species that are beneficial to humans.
果实组织是人参皂苷和花青素等有价值成分最丰富的来源之一。虽然从果实组织中提取的花青素已得到利用，但花青素的积累是如何调控的以及合成了哪些花青素品种尚不确定。
收集四个品种的果实用于总RNA提取，并使用Illumina HiSeq X平台进行RNA测序分析。通过超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪（UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS）提取和分析花青素，以鉴定和定量各个衍生物。鉴定差异表达基因（DEG），随后进行功能注释和网络分析以评估基因表达模式。
对四个颜色不同的品种进行比较转录组分析发现，与卡里金反应相关的类黄酮生物合成基因和茉莉酸响应基因在富含花青素的果实中上调。网络分析进一步揭示了一个由卡里金和茉莉酸响应基因以及类黄酮生物合成基因组成的假定调控复合体。分析春香品种果实的UPLC-DAD提取物发现，果实组织富含天竺葵素。
我们的研究揭示了在果实组织中花青素是如何积累的以及积累了哪种类型，包括原始化合物天竺葵素3-O-(2″-O-葡萄糖基)半乳糖苷。我们期望我们的研究将提高育种效率，以开发含有更多对人类有益的类黄酮物种的品种。
