Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115419, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2023 May;88(5):565-589. doi: 10.1134/S0006297923050012.
The review analyzes modern concepts about the control of various mechanisms of the hippocampal neuroplasticity in adult mammals and humans by glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid hormones ensure the coordinated functioning of key components and mechanisms of hippocampal plasticity: neurogenesis, glutamatergic neurotransmission, microglia and astrocytes, systems of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, proteases, metabolic hormones, neurosteroids. Regulatory mechanisms are diverse; along with the direct action of glucocorticoids through their receptors, there are conciliated glucocorticoid-dependent effects, as well as numerous interactions between various systems and components. Despite the fact that many connections in this complex regulatory scheme have not yet been established, the study of the factors and mechanisms considered in the work forms growth points in the field of glucocorticoid-regulated processes in the brain and primarily in the hippocampus. These studies are fundamentally important for the translation into the clinic and the potential treatment/prevention of common diseases of the emotional and cognitive spheres and respective comorbid conditions.
该综述分析了糖皮质激素对成年哺乳动物和人类海马神经可塑性的各种机制的现代概念。糖皮质激素确保了海马可塑性的关键组成部分和机制的协调作用：神经发生、谷氨酸能神经传递、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞、神经营养因子系统、神经炎症、蛋白酶、代谢激素、神经甾体。调控机制多种多样；除了糖皮质激素通过其受体的直接作用外，还有糖皮质激素依赖性的协调作用，以及各种系统和成分之间的许多相互作用。尽管在这个复杂的调控方案中，许多联系尚未建立，但在该工作中研究的因素和机制为糖皮质激素调节大脑内过程，主要是海马中的过程的临床转化和潜在治疗/预防情绪和认知领域的常见疾病及其相应的合并症提供了增长点。
