School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
Department of Research and Education, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709040, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 12;24(18):14007. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814007.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a crucial role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body, including blood pressure regulation, electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health. However, any compounds or drugs known to perturb the RAAS might have an additional impact on transmembrane ionic currents. In this retrospective review article, we aimed to present a selection of chemical compounds or medications that have long been recognized as interfering with the RAAS. It is noteworthy that these substances may also exhibit regulatory effects in different types of ionic currents. Apocynin, known to attenuate the angiotensin II-induced activation of epithelial Na channels, was shown to stimulate peak and late components of voltage-gated Na current (). Esaxerenone, an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, can exert an inhibitory effect on peak and late directly. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, can directly enhance the open probability of large-conductance Ca-activated K channels. Sparsentan, a dual-acting antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor and endothelin type A receptors, was found to suppress the amplitude of peak and late effectively. However, telmisartan, a blocker of the angiotensin II receptor, was effective in stimulating the peak and late along with a slowing of the inactivation time course of the current. However, telmisartan's presence can also suppress the -mediated K current. Moreover, tolvaptan, recognized as an aquaretic agent that can block the vasopressin receptor, was noted to suppress the amplitude of the delayed-rectifier K current and the M-type K current directly. The above results indicate that these substances not only have an interference effect on the RAAS but also exert regulatory effects on different types of ionic currents. Therefore, to determine their mechanisms of action, it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding.
肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)在维持体内各种生理过程中起着至关重要的作用,包括血压调节、电解质平衡和整体心血管健康。然而,任何已知扰乱 RAAS 的化合物或药物可能对跨膜离子电流有额外的影响。在这篇回顾性综述文章中,我们旨在介绍一系列长期以来被认为干扰 RAAS 的化学化合物或药物。值得注意的是,这些物质也可能对不同类型的离子电流表现出调节作用。Apocynin 已知可减弱血管紧张素 II 诱导的上皮钠通道激活,它被证明可刺激电压门控 Na 电流的峰值和晚期成分()。Esaxerenone,一种醛固酮受体拮抗剂,可直接对 发挥抑制作用。地塞米松,一种合成的糖皮质激素,可直接增强大电导钙激活的 K 通道的开放概率。Sparsentan,一种双重作用的血管紧张素 II 受体和内皮素 A 受体拮抗剂,被发现可有效抑制峰值和晚期 幅度。然而,替米沙坦,一种血管紧张素 II 受体阻断剂,可有效刺激峰值和晚期 ,同时减慢电流的失活时间过程。然而,替米沙坦的存在也可以抑制 - 介导的 K 电流。此外,托伐普坦,作为一种公认的可阻断血管加压素受体的利尿剂,被发现可直接抑制延迟整流钾电流和 M 型钾电流的幅度。上述结果表明,这些物质不仅对 RAAS 具有干扰作用,而且对不同类型的离子电流也具有调节作用。因此,要确定它们的作用机制,需要深入了解。
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