Cho Hyun Ah, Song Min Ho, Lee Ji Hwan, Oh Han Jin, Kim Yong Ju, An Jae Woo, Chang Se Yeon, Go Young Bin, Song Dong Cheol, Cho Seung Yeol, Kim Dong Jun, Kim Mi Suk, Park Hae Ryoung, Kim Hyeun Bum, Cho Jin Ho
Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2023 May;65(3):535-549. doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e19. Epub 2023 May 31.
This study was to investigate the effects of different phytogenic feed additives (PFA) dosage levels in growing- finishing pigs stressed by high stocking density. A total of 72 mix sexed 12 weeks growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) of 49.28 ± 4.58 kg were used for 8 weeks. There were 3 replicate pens in each treatment group, with 3 pigs per pen. The dietary treatment groups consisted of basal diets in animal welfare density (negative control [NC]), basal diet in high stocking density (positive control [PC]), PC + 0.04% essential oil (ES1), PC + 0.08% essential oil (ES2), PC + 0.10% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES1), PC + 0.20% bitter citrus extract & essential oil (CES2), PC + 0.05% grape pomace extract (GP1), PC + 0.10% grape pomace extract (GP2). The reduction of space allowance decreased ( < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy. Also, the fecal score of PC groups increased ( < 0.05) compared with other groups. Basic behaviors (feed intake, standing, lying) were inactive ( < 0.05) and singularity behavior (biting) was increased ( < 0.10) under high stocking density. There was no difference in blood profile. However, the supplementation of PFA alleviated the negative effects such as reduced growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and some increasing stress indicators in th blood (cortisol) and animal behavior (biting). In conclusion, the negative effect of high stocking density was most effectively mitigated by the normal dosage of the mixture of bitter citrus extract and essential oil additive (CES1).
本研究旨在探讨不同剂量的植物源饲料添加剂（PFA）对处于高饲养密度应激下的生长育肥猪的影响。选用72头初始体重（BW）为49.28±4.58千克的12周龄生长猪（[长白猪×大白猪]×杜洛克猪），公母混合，试验期8周。每个处理组设3个重复栏，每栏3头猪。日粮处理组包括动物福利密度下的基础日粮（阴性对照[NC]）、高饲养密度下的基础日粮（阳性对照[PC]）、PC + 0.04%精油（ES1）、PC + 0.08%精油（ES2）、PC + 0.10%苦柑橘提取物和精油（CES1）、PC + 0.20%苦柑橘提取物和精油（CES2）、PC + 0.05%葡萄渣提取物（GP1）、PC + 0.10%葡萄渣提取物（GP2）。饲养空间的减少降低了（<0.05）平均日增重、饲料效率以及干物质、粗蛋白和总能的消化率。此外，与其他组相比，PC组的粪便评分增加了（<0.05）。在高饲养密度下，基本行为（采食量､站立､躺卧）不活跃（<0.05），异常行为（咬斗）增加（<0.10）。血液指标无差异。然而，添加PFA减轻了诸如生长性能下降、养分消化率降低以及血液中一些应激指标（皮质醇）和动物行为（咬斗）增加等负面影响。总之，苦柑橘提取物和精油添加剂混合物（CES1）的常规剂量最有效地减轻了高饲养密度的负面影响。
