Cook Tanner M, Isenegger Daniel, Dutta Somak, Sahab Sareena, Kay Pippa, Aboobucker Siddique I, Biswas Eva, Heerschap Seth, Nikolau Basil J, Dong Liang, Lübberstedt Thomas
Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, IA, United States.
Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 2;14:1204813. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204813. eCollection 2023.
Efforts to increase genetic gains in breeding programs of flowering plants depend on making genetic crosses. Time to flowering, which can take months to decades depending on the species, can be a limiting factor in such breeding programs. It has been proposed that the rate of genetic gain can be increased by reducing the time between generations by circumventing flowering through the induction of meiosis. In this review, we assess technologies and approaches that may offer a path towards meiosis induction, the largest current bottleneck for plant breeding. Studies in non-plant, eukaryotic organisms indicate that the switch from mitotic cell division to meiosis is inefficient and occurs at very low rates. Yet, this has been achieved with mammalian cells by the manipulation of a limited number of genes. Therefore, to experimentally identify factors that switch mitosis to meiosis in plants, it is necessary to develop a high-throughput system to evaluate a large number of candidate genes and treatments, each using large numbers of cells, few of which may gain the ability to induce meiosis.
在开花植物育种计划中提高遗传增益的努力依赖于进行遗传杂交。开花时间因物种而异，可能需要数月到数十年，这可能是此类育种计划中的一个限制因素。有人提出，通过诱导减数分裂来规避开花，从而缩短世代间隔，可以提高遗传增益的速率。在本综述中，我们评估了可能为减数分裂诱导提供途径的技术和方法，这是目前植物育种中最大的瓶颈。对非植物真核生物的研究表明，从有丝分裂细胞分裂向减数分裂的转变效率低下，发生率极低。然而，通过操纵有限数量的基因，哺乳动物细胞已经实现了这一点。因此，为了通过实验确定植物中促使有丝分裂转变为减数分裂的因素，有必要开发一种高通量系统，以评估大量候选基因和处理方法，每种方法都使用大量细胞，其中很少细胞可能获得诱导减数分裂的能力。
