Williams Krystal, Subramani Mayavan, Lofton Lily W, Penney Miranda, Todd Antonette, Ozbay Gulnihal
Molecular Genetics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, Science, and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 31;13(11):1520. doi: 10.3390/plants13111520.
As climate changes and a growing global population continue to escalate the need for greater production capabilities of food crops, technological advances in agricultural and crop research will remain a necessity. While great advances in crop improvement over the past century have contributed to massive increases in yield, classic breeding schemes lack the rate of genetic gain needed to meet future demands. In the past decade, new breeding techniques and tools have been developed to aid in crop improvement. One such advancement is the use of speed breeding. Speed breeding is known as the application of methods that significantly reduce the time between crop generations, thereby streamlining breeding and research efforts. These rapid-generation advancement tactics help to accelerate the pace of crop improvement efforts to sustain food security and meet the food, feed, and fiber demands of the world's growing population. Speed breeding may be achieved through a variety of techniques, including environmental optimization, genomic selection, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and epigenomic tools. This review aims to discuss these prominent advances in crop breeding technologies and techniques that have the potential to greatly improve plant breeders' ability to rapidly produce vital cultivars.
随着气候变化和全球人口增长持续加剧对粮食作物更高生产能力的需求，农业和作物研究的技术进步仍将是必要的。尽管过去一个世纪作物改良取得了巨大进展，使产量大幅增加，但传统育种方案缺乏满足未来需求所需的遗传增益速度。在过去十年中，已开发出新的育种技术和工具来辅助作物改良。其中一项进展是使用快速育种。快速育种是指应用能显著缩短作物世代间隔时间的方法，从而简化育种和研究工作。这些快速世代推进策略有助于加快作物改良工作的步伐，以维持粮食安全并满足全球不断增长人口的食物、饲料和纤维需求。快速育种可通过多种技术实现，包括环境优化、基因组选择、CRISPR-Cas9技术和表观基因组工具。本综述旨在讨论作物育种技术和方法方面的这些显著进展，这些进展有可能极大地提高植物育种者快速培育重要品种的能力。
