Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea,
Plant Cell Rep. 2014 Feb;33(2):215-23. doi: 10.1007/s00299-013-1534-y. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Unreduced gamete formation derived via abnormal meiotic cell division is an important approach to polyploidy breeding. This process is considered the main driving force in spontaneous polyploids formation in nature, but the potential application of these gametes to plant breeding has not been fully exploited. An effective mechanism for their artificial induction is needed to attain greater genetic variation and enable efficient use of unreduced gametes in breeding programs. Different approaches have been employed for 2n-pollen production including interspecific hybridization, manipulation of environmental factors and treatment with nitrous oxide, trifluralin, colchicine, oryzalin and other chemicals. These chemicals can act as a stimulus to produce viable 2n pollen; however, their exact mode of action, optimum concentration and developmental stages are still not known. Identification of efficient methods of inducing 2n-gamete formation will help increase pollen germination of sterile interspecific hybrids for inter-genomic recombination and introgression breeding to develop new polyploid cultivars and increase heterozygosity among plant populations. Additionally, the application of genomic tools and identification and isolation of genes and mechanisms involved in the induction of 2n-gamete will enable increased exploitation in different plant species, which will open new avenues for plant breeding.
未减数配子的形成是多倍体育种的重要途径，其主要来源于有丝分裂过程中的异常减数分裂。这一过程被认为是自然界中自发多倍体形成的主要驱动力，但这些配子在植物育种中的潜在应用尚未得到充分开发。需要一种有效的人工诱导机制来获得更大的遗传变异，并在育种计划中有效利用未减数配子。已经采用了不同的方法来生产 2n-花粉，包括种间杂交、环境因素的操纵以及用一氧化二氮、涕灭威、秋水仙碱、草铵膦等化学物质处理。这些化学物质可以作为产生可育 2n 花粉的刺激物；然而，其确切的作用方式、最佳浓度和发育阶段尚不清楚。鉴定诱导 2n-配子形成的有效方法将有助于提高不育种间杂种花粉的活力，以进行基因组间重组和渐渗杂交育种，从而开发新的多倍体品种，并增加植物群体中的杂合性。此外，基因组工具的应用以及涉及 2n-配子诱导的基因和机制的鉴定和分离，将能够在不同的植物物种中得到更多的利用，为植物育种开辟新的途径。
