Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 2;11:1143278. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1143278. eCollection 2023.
Violence is defined as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation." Encompassed in this definition are multiple, interrelated forms of violence, including interpersonal firearm death and injury, but also the systems, policies, and practices enacted by those with power to advantage some groups while depriving others of meaningful opportunities for meeting their basic needs-known as "structural violence". Yet dominant violence prevention narratives too often ignore or deemphasize the deeply intertwined threads of structural violence with other forms of violence, leading to policies and practices that are frequently insufficient, and often harmful, for reducing interpersonal firearm violence and building community safety, particularly in minoritized and structurally marginalized communities. We highlight ways in which limited scrutiny of structural violence, the omission of its defining characteristics-power and deprivation-from functional characterizations and frameworks of interpersonal firearm violence, and the inadequate distribution of power and resources to those most impacted by violence to self-determine narratives of and solutions to interpersonal firearm violence grossly impacts how interpersonal firearm violence is collectively conceived, discussed, and addressed. Expanding dominant narratives of interpersonal firearm violence, guided by the wisdom and determination of those most impacted, such that the goal of prevention and intervention efforts is not merely the absence of violence but rather the creation of a community safety and health ecosystem is essential to meet this critical moment in firearm violence research and prevention.
暴力被定义为“对自己、他人、群体或社区有意使用身体力量或权力，无论是实际使用还是有很大可能导致伤害、死亡、心理伤害、发育不良或剥夺”。这个定义包括多种相互关联的暴力形式，包括人际枪支死亡和伤害，但也包括那些有权利用优势剥夺某些群体的有意义机会以满足其基本需求的系统、政策和做法，这被称为“结构性暴力”。然而，主流的暴力预防叙事往往忽略或淡化结构性暴力与其他形式暴力之间的紧密联系，导致政策和实践往往不足以减少人际枪支暴力并建立社区安全，尤其是在少数族裔和结构性边缘化社区。我们强调了有限审查结构性暴力、从人际枪支暴力的功能描述和框架中省略其定义特征——权力和剥夺、以及将权力和资源不足地分配给最受暴力影响的人，以自主确定人际枪支暴力的叙述和解决方案，这对如何集体理解、讨论和解决人际枪支暴力产生了重大影响。扩大人际枪支暴力的主流叙事，以最受影响的人的智慧和决心为指导，使预防和干预工作的目标不仅是没有暴力，而是创建一个社区安全和健康的生态系统，这对于应对枪支暴力研究和预防的这一关键时刻至关重要。
