Williamson Craig A, Morganti Jari J, Smithson Hannah E
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2023 Apr 25;14:1088975. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088975. eCollection 2023.
Visual distractions pose a significant risk to transportation safety, with laser attacks against aircraft pilots being a common example. This study used a research-grade High Dynamic Range (HDR) display to produce bright-light distractions for 12 volunteer participants performing a combined visual task across central and peripheral visual fields. The visual scene had an average luminance of 10 cd∙m with targets of approximately 0.5° angular size, while the distractions had a maximum luminance of 9,000 cd∙m and were 3.6° in size. The dependent variables were the mean fixation duration during task execution (representative of information processing time), and the critical stimulus duration required to support a target level of performance (representative of task efficiency). The experiment found a statistically significant increase in mean fixation duration, rising from 192 ms without distractions to 205 ms with bright-light distractions ( = 0.023). This indicates a decrease in visibility of the low contrast targets or an increase in cognitive workload that required greater processing time for each fixation in the presence of the bright-light distractions. Mean critical stimulus duration was not significantly affected by the distraction conditions used in this study. Future experiments are suggested to replicate driving and/or piloting tasks and employ bright-light distractions based on real-world data, and we advocate the use of eye-tracking metrics as sensitive measures of changes in performance.
视觉干扰对交通安全构成重大风险，针对飞机飞行员的激光攻击就是一个常见例子。本研究使用了一台研究级高动态范围（HDR）显示器，为12名志愿者参与者制造强光干扰，他们在中央和周边视野中执行一项综合视觉任务。视觉场景的平均亮度为10 cd∙m，目标的视角大小约为0.5°，而干扰的最大亮度为9000 cd∙m，大小为3.6°。因变量是任务执行期间的平均注视持续时间（代表信息处理时间），以及支持目标绩效水平所需的关键刺激持续时间（代表任务效率）。实验发现平均注视持续时间在统计学上有显著增加，从无干扰时的192毫秒增加到有强光干扰时的205毫秒（ = 0.023）。这表明在强光干扰下，低对比度目标的可见性降低，或者认知工作量增加，每次注视都需要更多的处理时间。本研究中使用的干扰条件对平均关键刺激持续时间没有显著影响。建议未来的实验复制驾驶和/或飞行任务，并根据实际数据采用强光干扰，并且我们主张使用眼动追踪指标作为绩效变化的敏感测量方法。
