Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.
Dent Med Probl. 2023 Apr-Jun;60(2):207-217. doi: 10.17219/dmp/152234.
Periodontal diseases (PDs) are one of the most common chronic diseases affecting overall oral functions, and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has been an area of interest since the late 90s.
The present hospital-based case-control study aimed to find any association between maternal chronic periodontitis (CP) and preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) by comparing the periodontal parameters in patients with normal birth, PTB and LBW.
The participants of the study were females that had delivered a live baby (n = 1,200). They were classified as either cases or controls. The cases were defined as PTB if the delivery was before 37 weeks of gestation, and as LBW if the infant weighed <2,500 g. The others were controls. The intraoral examination, which included recording the periodontal status, was conducted within 3 days of delivery. Detailed medical history and demographic data were recorded for the determination of the confounding factors. The multivariable dependence of PTB and LBW on both the categorical and continuous data was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PTB and LBW were calculated.
A strong association with PTB was found for a high plaque index (PI) score (AOR = 1.61; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.26-2.07) and a mean pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm (AOR: 4.32; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 3.09-6.02). A strong association with LBW was found for a high PI score (AOR = 2.02; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.43-2.83) and a mean PPD ≥4 mm (AOR: 8.70; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 6.01-12.59). A high PI score and a mean PPD ≥4 mm were independent risk factors for PTB and LBW.
The presence of deep pockets and inadequate plaque control in pregnant females increased the risk of APOs.
牙周病（PDs）是影响整体口腔功能的最常见慢性疾病之一，自 90 年代末以来，其与不良妊娠结局（APOs）的关系一直是研究热点。
本基于医院的病例对照研究旨在通过比较正常分娩、早产和低出生体重（LBW）患者的牙周参数，来发现母体慢性牙周炎（CP）与早产（PTB）和低出生体重（LBW）之间的任何关联。
研究对象为分娩活婴的女性（n=1200）。她们被分为病例组或对照组。如果分娩在妊娠 37 周之前，则定义为早产；如果婴儿体重<2500g，则定义为低出生体重。其余为对照组。分娩后 3 天内进行口腔内检查，包括记录牙周状况。记录详细的病史和人口统计学数据，以确定混杂因素。使用多变量逻辑回归分析分析 PTB 和 LBW 与分类和连续数据的多变量依赖性。计算早产和低出生体重的风险调整比值比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
高菌斑指数（PI）评分（AOR=1.61；p<0.001；95%CI：1.26-2.07）和平均牙周袋探诊深度（PPD）≥4mm（AOR：4.32；p<0.001；95%CI：3.09-6.02）与 PTB 有很强的关联。高 PI 评分（AOR=2.02；p<0.001；95%CI：1.43-2.83）和平均 PPD≥4mm（AOR：8.70；p<0.001；95%CI：6.01-12.59）与 LBW 有很强的关联。高 PI 评分和平均 PPD≥4mm 是 PTB 和 LBW 的独立危险因素。
孕妇深牙周袋和不充分的菌斑控制会增加 APOs 的风险。
