di Virgilio Fabrizio, Guelette Vivien, Prata Daniela, Boulouha Lilia, Santos Marisa, Belluzzi Elena, Caraty Johan, Bongartz Alexandre, Deneuche Aymeric
Clinique Vétérinaire Vet24, Marcq en Baroeul, France.
IDEXX Laboratories, Saint-Denis, France.
Vet Rec. 2023;193(4):e3058. doi: 10.1002/vetr.3058. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Brachycephalic dogs are characterised by a short and flat nose. This cranial conformation is associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, a respiratory syndrome primarily characterised by stenotic nares, a hyperplastic soft palate and a hypoplastic trachea, among other malformations, with secondary abnormalities resulting in upper airway obstruction METHODS: In this study, we aimed to characterise and compare the histological features of tissue samples harvested from the alae nasi of French bulldogs and non-brachycephalic dogs. Samples from the alae nasi of 11 French bulldogs and 13 non-brachycephalic dogs were collected. Four-μm-thick, paraffin-embedded sections were obtained from each tissue sample and mounted on glass slides, followed by staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and toluidine blue for histological examination.
The only variation observed between the samples obtained from French bulldogs and those obtained from non-brachycephalic dogs concerned the presence of cartilage in the specimens. Cartilage was absent in 10 of 11 French bulldogs but present in nine of 13 non-brachycephalic dogs; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
The findings of this study need further validation in future prospective studies. It would be useful to examine the entire nostril wing, to include additional brachycephalic breeds, a larger number of subjects spanning a wider age range and degree of stenotic nares severity, a larger tissue sample, and a broadening of the control group to include dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.
This study found an absence of cartilage in French bulldog nare specimens compared to those from non-brachycephalic dogs. This absence of cartilage may contribute to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, although histological examination of the entire wing of the nostrils is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
短头犬的特征是鼻子短而扁平。这种颅骨形态与短头阻塞性气道综合征有关，这是一种呼吸系统综合征，主要特征包括鼻孔狭窄、软腭增生和气管发育不全等其他畸形，继而导致上呼吸道阻塞。
在本研究中，我们旨在描述和比较从法国斗牛犬和非短头犬鼻翼采集的组织样本的组织学特征。收集了11只法国斗牛犬和13只非短头犬的鼻翼样本。从每个组织样本中获取4微米厚的石蜡包埋切片，安装在载玻片上，然后用苏木精和伊红染色及过碘酸-希夫染色和甲苯胺蓝染色进行组织学检查。
从法国斗牛犬获得的样本与从非短头犬获得的样本之间观察到的唯一差异与标本中软骨的存在有关。11只法国斗牛犬中有10只没有软骨，而13只非短头犬中有9只存在软骨；这种差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。
本研究结果需要在未来的前瞻性研究中进一步验证。检查整个鼻翼、纳入更多短头品种、涵盖更广泛年龄范围和鼻孔狭窄严重程度的更多受试者、更大的组织样本以及扩大对照组以纳入长头犬和中头犬会很有帮助。
本研究发现，与非短头犬相比，法国斗牛犬鼻翼标本中没有软骨。尽管需要对整个鼻翼进行组织学检查来证实这一假设，但这种软骨的缺失可能导致短头阻塞性气道综合征。
