Sharp C A T, Liu N-C, Guy A, Ladlow J F
Hamilton Specialist Referrals, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University.
Vet J. 2024 Apr;304:106085. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106085. Epub 2024 Feb 23.
Previous studies have shown that the most reliable external conformational risk factor of whether a brachycephalic dog will develop Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is the status of nostril stenosis, assessed as a static observation using the brachycephalic nostril grading scheme. The nostrils however are a dynamic structure, opening further when the dog is exercising, sniffing or panting. The hypothesis of this study was that brachycephalic dogs with open or mildly stenotic nostrils are more likely to have nostril mobility whilst dogs with moderately or severely stenotic nostrils are more likely to have immobile nostrils. A retrospective study of dogs presented for BOAS assessment at two UK referral centres between 2012 and 2020 was performed. Data extracted included nares stenosis status and nares mobility. A mesocephalic pilot control group was recruited from a third referral centre. Statistical analysis was performed with χ2, Cochran-Armitage, spearman's rho and linear-by-linear tests as appropriate. Of the 974 brachycephalic dogs included in the study: 124 had open nostrils (68.5% mobile); 212 mildly stenotic nostrils (58.5% mobile); 379 moderately stenotic nostrils (35% mobile) and 259 severely stenotic nostrils (19.3% mobile). The nostril stenotic status was significantly associated with nostril wing mobility (χ2 =135.55; P<0.0001). When considering open and mildly stenotic (considered acceptable) nostrils versus moderate and severely stenotic nostrils, mobility was 62% versus 25.5% (χ2= 135.88; P = <0.0001). All 27 mesocephalic dogs had nostril mobility. Brachycephalic dogs with moderate and severely stenotic nares have reduced nasal mobility compared to brachycephalic dogs with mildly stenotic and open nares. Data is further evidence that dogs with moderately and severely stenotic nares should not be bred.
先前的研究表明，对于短头犬是否会发展为短头阻塞性气道综合征（BOAS），最可靠的外部形态风险因素是鼻孔狭窄的程度，可使用短头鼻孔分级方案进行静态观察来评估。然而，鼻孔是一个动态结构，在狗狗运动、嗅闻或喘气时会进一步张开。本研究的假设是，鼻孔开放或轻度狭窄的短头犬更有可能具有鼻孔活动度，而鼻孔中度或重度狭窄的犬更有可能鼻孔活动受限。对2012年至2020年间在英国两个转诊中心接受BOAS评估的犬进行了一项回顾性研究。提取的数据包括鼻孔狭窄状态和鼻孔活动度。从中等头型的犬中选取了一个对照实验组，来自第三个转诊中心。根据情况使用卡方检验、 Cochr an-Armitage趋势检验、斯皮尔曼等级相关系数检验和线性-线性检验进行统计分析。在该研究纳入的974只短头犬中：124只鼻孔开放（68.5%活动度良好）；212只鼻孔轻度狭窄（58.5%活动度良好）；379只鼻孔中度狭窄（35%活动度良好）；259只鼻孔重度狭窄（19.3%活动度良好）。鼻孔狭窄状态与鼻翼活动度显著相关（卡方值 = 135.55；P < 0.0001）。当考虑开放和轻度狭窄（视为可接受）的鼻孔与中度和重度狭窄的鼻孔时，活动度分别为62%和25.5%（卡方值 = 135.88；P = < 0.0001）。所有27只中等头型的犬都有鼻孔活动度。与鼻孔轻度狭窄和开放的短头犬相比，鼻孔中度和重度狭窄的短头犬鼻腔活动度降低。数据进一步证明，鼻孔中度和重度狭窄的犬不应进行繁殖。
