Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 15;344:118433. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118433. Epub 2023 Jun 17.
Worldwide physiological research has aimed to decelerate the aging of crop leaves by optimizing fertilization measures to improve crop or biomass yield. Solid organic fertilizers can be combined with chemical fertilizers to delay the aging of crop leaves. Biogas slurry is a liquid organic fertilizer produced by the anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure and other resources, and it can partially replace chemical fertilizers in field application via drip irrigation systems. However, the impact of biogas slurry topdressing on leaf aging remains unclear. This study investigated treatments with no topdressing (control, CK) and five topdressing patterns of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer (nitrogen) at 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% (100%BS, 75%BS, 50%BS, 25%BS, CF). The effects of different proportions of biogas slurry on leaf senescence rate, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant defense enzymes, and nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activities of maize were analyzed. Subsequently, the mechanisms of biogas slurry topdressing on the leaf senescence rate of maize were explored. The results showed that the mean decreasing rate of relative green leaf area (V) treated with biogas slurry decreased by 3.7%-17.1% and the duration of leaf area duration (LAD) increased by 3.7%-17.1% compared with the results for CK. The maximum senescence rate of 100%BS was delayed by 4.4 and 5.6 d compared to the results for CF and CK, respectively. During the senescence of maize leaves, the use of biogas slurry topdressing increased the content of chlorophyll, decreased the water loss and the accumulation rate of malondialdehyde and proline in leaves, and increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the later growth and development periods of maize. In addition, biogas slurry topdressing improved the nitrogen transport efficiency of the leaves and ensured continuous and efficient ammonium assimilation. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between leaf senescence and the investigated physiological indices. Cluster analysis showed that the 100%BS treatment exhibited the most prominent effect on leaf senescence. Biogas slurry topdressing as a substitute for chemical fertilizer can be potentially used as an anti-aging regulation measure for crops to decrease the damage induced by senescence.
全球范围内的生理学研究旨在通过优化施肥措施来延缓作物叶片衰老，以提高作物或生物质产量。固体有机肥可与化肥结合使用，以延缓作物叶片衰老。沼液是由畜禽粪便等资源经厌氧发酵产生的一种液体有机肥，可通过滴灌系统部分替代化肥进行田间施用。然而，沼液追肥对叶片衰老的影响尚不清楚。本研究设置不追肥（对照，CK）和沼液替代化肥（氮）100%、75%、50%、25%和 0%（100%BS、75%BS、50%BS、25%BS、CF）共 5 种追肥模式，分析不同比例沼液对玉米叶片衰老速率、光合色素、渗透调节物质、抗氧化防御酶及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响，进而探讨沼液追肥延缓玉米叶片衰老的机制。结果表明，与 CK 相比，施用沼液可使玉米叶片相对绿叶面积（V）的平均下降率降低 3.7%17.1%，叶面积持续期（LAD）延长 3.7%17.1%；100%BS 处理的最大衰老速率分别比 CF 和 CK 延迟 4.4 和 5.6 d。在玉米叶片衰老过程中，沼液追肥可增加叶绿素含量，降低叶片水分损失和丙二醛、脯氨酸积累速率，提高玉米后期生长发育过程中过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性。此外，沼液追肥提高了叶片的氮素运输效率，保证了铵态氮的持续高效同化。并且，叶片衰老与所调查的生理指标之间存在很强的相关性。聚类分析表明，100%BS 处理对叶片衰老的影响最为显著。沼液追肥作为化肥的替代品，可作为延缓作物衰老的调控措施，减少衰老引起的损伤。
