含多壁碳纳米管和生物活性玻璃的聚醚醚酮复合材料的强度及生物活性
Strength and bioactivity of PEEK composites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and bioactive glass.
作者信息
Khallaf Reem Magdy, Emam Ahmed N, Mostafa Amany A, Nassif Mohamed Salah, Hussein Tarek Salah
机构信息
Ain-Shams University, Department of Dental Biomaterials, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
Refractories, Ceramics & Building Materials, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; Nanomedicine & Tissue Engineering Research Lab., MRCE, National Research Centre (NRC), 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
出版信息
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023 Aug;144:105964. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105964. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
UNLABELLED
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer is a widely accepted implantable biomaterial in the biomedical field. However, PEEK has a low elastic modulus (E-modulus) as well as a bio-inert nature which is not conductive to rapid bone cell attachment, hence, producing delayed or weak bone-implant integration. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) represent one of the strongest known materials that could be added to a polymer to improve its mechanical properties. Bioactive glasses (BGs) can form hydroxyapatite deposits on their surfaces and form a tight bond with the bone, thus, their incorporation into the PEEK matrix may improve its bioactivity.
METHODS
Eight groups were formulated according to the type and percentage of modification of PEEK by MWCNTs and BGs. Group 1: Pure PEEK (P), Group 2: P + 3% MWCNTs (PC), Group 3: P + 5% MWCNTs (PC), Group 4: P + 5% BGs (PG), Group 5: P + 10% BGs (PG), Group 6: P + 3% MWCNTs + 5% BGs (PCG), Group 7: P + 3% MWCNTs + 10% BGs (PCG), and Group 8: P + 5% MWCNTs + 5% BGs (PCG). Characterization of the vacuum-pressed PEEK and PEEK composite specimens was done using FE-SEM, EDS, FT-IR and TF-XRD. Three-point load test was done to obtain the flexural strength (F.S) and the E-modulus of the specimens. Wettability was determined by measuring the contact angle with distilled water. In-vitro bioactivity was determined after immersion of specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, the effect of the specimens on osteoblastic cell viability was evaluated.
RESULTS
Three-point load test results have shown an improvement in both F.S. and E-modulus for groups PC, PCG and PCG. The lowest contact angle was obtained for group PCG followed by the PCG group. All specimens containing BGs showed the formation of hydroxyapatite-like deposits after their immersion in SBF, as well as an improvement in osteoblastic cell viability compared to PEEK.
CONCLUSION
PCG PCG and PG, groups are promising for the fabrication of patient-specific implants that can be used in low-stress-bearing areas.
未标注
聚醚醚酮（PEEK）聚合物是生物医学领域中广泛接受的可植入生物材料。然而，PEEK具有低弹性模量（E模量）以及生物惰性，这不利于骨细胞快速附着，因此会导致骨-植入物整合延迟或较弱。多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）是已知的最强材料之一，可以添加到聚合物中以改善其机械性能。生物活性玻璃（BGs）可以在其表面形成羟基磷灰石沉积物并与骨形成紧密结合，因此，将它们掺入PEEK基质中可能会改善其生物活性。
方法
根据MWCNTs和BGs对PEEK的改性类型和百分比，配制了八组。第1组：纯PEEK（P），第2组：P + 3% MWCNTs（PC），第3组：P + 5% MWCNTs（PC），第4组：P + 5% BGs（PG），第5组：P + 10% BGs（PG），第6组：P + 3% MWCNTs + 5% BGs（PCG），第7组：P + 3% MWCNTs + 10% BGs（PCG），第8组：P + 5% MWCNTs + 5% BGs（PCG）。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）和X射线衍射仪（TF-XRD）对真空压制的PEEK和PEEK复合材料试样进行表征。进行三点加载试验以获得试样的弯曲强度（F.S）和E模量。通过测量与蒸馏水的接触角来测定润湿性。将试样浸入模拟体液（SBF）中后测定体外生物活性。此外，评估了试样对成骨细胞活力的影响。
结果
三点加载试验结果表明，PC、PCG和PCG组的F.S和E模量均有所提高。PCG组的接触角最低，其次是PCG组。所有含BGs的试样浸入SBF后均显示出类似羟基磷灰石沉积物的形成，并且与PEEK相比，成骨细胞活力有所提高。
结论
PCG、PCG和PG组有望用于制造可用于低应力承载区域的定制植入物。
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