State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100096, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Oct 1;893:164997. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164997. Epub 2023 Jun 18.
Sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (sulfammox), a novel and promising process that has emerged in recent years, is essential to nitrogen and sulfur cycles and offers significant potential for the elimination of ammonium and sulfate. This review discussed the development of sulfammox process, the mechanism, characteristics of microbes, potential influencing factors, applicable bioreactors, and proposed the research needs and future perspective. The sulfammox process could be affected by many factors, such as the NH/SO ratio, carbon source, pH, and temperature. However, these potential influencing factors were only obtained based on what has been seen in papers studying related processes such as denitrification, sulfate-reduction, etc., and have to be further tested in bioreactors carrying out the sulfammox process in the future. Currently, sulfammox is predominantly used in granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized beds, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, anaerobic expanded granular bed reactors, rotating biological contact reactors, and moving bed biofilm reactors. In the future, the operating parameters of sulfammox should be further optimized to improve the processing performance, and the system can be further scaled up for actual wastewater treatment. In addition, the isolation, identification, and characterization of key functional microbes and the analysis of microbial interrelationships will also be focused on in future studies to enable an in-depth analysis of the sulfammox mechanism.
硫酸盐还原氨氧化（sulfammox）是近年来出现的一种新颖且有前景的过程，对氮硫循环至关重要，并为消除氨和硫酸盐提供了巨大潜力。本文综述了 sulfammox 工艺的发展、微生物的机制、特性、潜在影响因素、适用的生物反应器，并提出了研究需求和未来展望。sulfammox 工艺可能受到许多因素的影响，例如 NH/ SO 比、碳源、pH 值和温度。然而，这些潜在的影响因素仅基于在研究与反硝化、硫酸盐还原等相关过程的论文中观察到的内容得出，未来在进行 sulfammox 工艺的生物反应器中还需要进一步测试。目前，sulfammox 主要应用于颗粒活性炭厌氧流化床、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器、厌氧膨胀颗粒床反应器、旋转生物接触反应器和移动床生物膜反应器。未来，应进一步优化 sulfammox 的操作参数，以提高处理性能，并进一步扩大系统规模，用于实际废水处理。此外，在未来的研究中还将重点关注关键功能微生物的分离、鉴定和特性分析以及微生物相互关系的分析，以深入分析 sulfammox 的机制。
