Center for Population Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Sidist Kilo Campus, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Health System and Reproductive Health Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, PO Box 1242or 5645, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Jun 19;23(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02465-2.
Ethiopian rural-urban disparities in key domains of health-related quality of life among women in reproductive age have been huge. However, sources of such inequalities were not studied well. Therefore, this study aimed to assess inequalities in health-related quality of life among women residing in urban and rural areas in four regions of Ethiopia.
This study used data extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; collected at national level from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. Stratified two stage cluster sampling method were used. The data collected from 2385 women in the age group 15-49 years who were living in four regions (Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, and Somali regions) of Ethiopia were used for this study. The outcome variable, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), was generated by Principal Component Analysis. Further, Multivariable Ordinary Least Square and Oaxaca decomposition threefold (interaction) were used in the analysis with a p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval to declare statistical significances.
Women education, region, religion, wealth index, and husband/partner education were identified as predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life. Women residing in rural areas had far lower health-related quality of life than those living in urban areas. The wealth index and educational level of women were the largest contributor of the inequality in health-related quality of life.
A substantial inequality in quality of life exist between women who reside in rural and urban areas in those four regions of Ethiopia. The socioeconomic factors more importantly wealth index and educational attainment explained the significant portion of the reported rural-urban disparities. Therefore, Policymakers and local administrators should pay more attention on interventions that promote education and narrowing gap in wealth in rural and urban settings.
在育龄妇女的健康相关生活质量的关键领域，埃塞俄比亚城乡之间存在巨大差距。然而，这些不平等的根源并没有得到很好的研究。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚四个地区的城市和农村地区妇女的健康相关生活质量的不平等情况。
本研究使用了从 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查中提取的数据；该数据于 2016 年 1 月 18 日至 6 月 27 日在全国范围内收集。采用分层两阶段聚类抽样方法。本研究使用了来自埃塞俄比亚四个地区（阿法尔、本尚古勒-古姆兹、甘贝拉和索马里地区）的年龄在 15-49 岁之间的 2385 名妇女的数据。结果变量健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）是通过主成分分析生成的。此外，还使用了多变量普通最小二乘法和 Oaxaca 分解（交互）进行分析，置信区间为 95%，p 值小于 0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
妇女的教育程度、地区、宗教信仰、财富指数和丈夫/伴侣的教育程度被确定为健康相关生活质量的预测因素。居住在农村地区的妇女的健康相关生活质量远低于居住在城市地区的妇女。妇女的财富指数和教育水平是健康相关生活质量不平等的最大贡献者。
在埃塞俄比亚这四个地区，城乡妇女的生活质量存在着巨大的不平等。社会经济因素，特别是财富指数和教育程度，解释了报告的城乡差距的很大一部分。因此，决策者和地方行政人员应更加关注促进教育和缩小城乡贫富差距的干预措施。
