Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China.
Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
PeerJ. 2023 Jun 15;11:e15580. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15580. eCollection 2023.
This study aims to analyze the changes of approximately 1 month in fatigue, sleep, and mood in athletes after returning to training following infection with the COVID-19 Omicron strain and provide recommendations for returning to training after infection.
Two hundred and thirty professional athletes who had returned to training after being infected with COVID-19 in December 2022 were recruited to participate in three tests conducted from early January 2023. The second test was completed approximately 1 week after the first, and the third was completed about 2 weeks after the second. Each test consisted of completing scales and the exercise-induced fatigue measure. The scales included a visual analog scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale for non-clinical application, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale. The exercise task was a six-minute stair climb test, and athletes evaluated subjective fatigue levels before and after exercise using another Visual Analog Scale and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale.
After returning to training, athletes' physical fatigue decreased initially but increased as training progressed. Cognitive fatigue did not change significantly. The exercise task led to elevated levels of physical fatigue after a longer duration of training. Sleep quality problems decreased rapidly after the start of training but remained stable with prolonged training. Depression levels continued to decline, while anxiety levels only reduced after a longer duration of training. Stress levels decreased rapidly after the start of training but did not change with prolonged training.
Athletes who return to training after recovering from COVID-19 experience positive effects on their fatigue, sleep, and mood. It is important to prioritize anxiety assessment and interventions during the short period after returning and to continue monitoring fatigue levels and implementing recovery interventions over a longer period of time.
本研究旨在分析 COVID-19 奥密克戎变异株感染后运动员恢复训练 1 个月左右时的疲劳、睡眠和情绪变化，并为感染后恢复训练提供建议。
招募了 230 名于 2022 年 12 月感染 COVID-19 后恢复训练的专业运动员，他们在 2023 年 1 月初进行了 3 次测试。第二次测试在第一次测试后大约 1 周进行，第三次测试在第二次测试后大约 2 周进行。每次测试都包括完成量表和运动诱导的疲劳测量。量表包括视觉模拟量表、非临床应用的雅典失眠量表和抑郁焦虑压力量表。运动任务是 6 分钟爬楼梯测试，运动员在运动前后使用另一个视觉模拟量表和 Karolinska 嗜睡量表评估主观疲劳程度。
恢复训练后，运动员的身体疲劳最初降低，但随着训练的进行而增加。认知疲劳没有显著变化。运动任务导致更长时间的训练后身体疲劳增加。睡眠质量问题在训练开始后迅速改善，但随着训练的延长而保持稳定。抑郁水平持续下降，而焦虑水平仅在更长时间的训练后降低。应激水平在训练开始后迅速下降，但随着训练的延长没有变化。
从 COVID-19 中恢复后恢复训练的运动员在疲劳、睡眠和情绪方面都有积极的影响。在恢复后的短期时间内，优先评估和干预焦虑非常重要，并在较长时间内继续监测疲劳水平并实施恢复干预措施。
