Washif Jad Adrian, Kok Lian-Yee, James Carl, Beaven Christopher Martyn, Farooq Abdulaziz, Pyne David B, Chamari Karim
Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 11;13:1093965. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1093965. eCollection 2022.
We evaluated the extent of changes in training practices, recovery, mental health, and sleep patterns of athletes during the early COVID-19 lockdown in a single country-cohort. A total of 686 athletes (59% male, 41% female; 9% World Class, 28% International, 29% National, 26% State, 8% Recreational) from 50 sports (45% individual, 55% team) in Malaysia completed an online, survey-based questionnaire study. The questions were related to training practices (including recovery and injury), mental health, and sleep patterns. Relative to pre-lockdown, training intensity (-34%), frequency (-20%, except World-Class), and duration (-24%-59%, especially International/World-Class) were compromised, by the mandated lockdown. During the lockdown, more space/access (69%) and equipment (69%) were available for cardiorespiratory training, than technical and strength; and these resources favoured World-Class athletes. Most athletes trained for general strength/health (88%) and muscular endurance (71%); and some used innovative/digital training tools (World-Class 48% vs. lower classification-levels ≤34%). More World-Class, International, and National athletes performed strength training, plyometrics, and sport-specific technical skills with proper equipment, than State/Recreational athletes. More females (42%) sourced training materials from social media than males (29%). Some athletes (38%) performed injury prevention exercises; 18% had mild injuries (knees 29%, ankles 26%), and 18% received a medical diagnosis (International 31%). Lower-level athletes (e.g., State 44%) disclosed that they were mentally more vulnerable; and felt more anxious (36% vs. higher-levels 14%-21%). Sleep quality and quantity were "normal" (49% for both), "improved" (35% and 27%), and only 16% and 14% (respectively) stated "worsened" sleep. Lockdown compromised training-related practices, especially in lower-level athletes. Athletes are in need of assistance with training, and tools to cope with anxiety that should be tailored to individual country requirements during lockdown situations. In particular, goal-driven (even if it is at home) fitness training, psychological, financial, and lifestyle support can be provided to reduce the difficulties associated with lockdowns. Policies and guidelines that facilitate athletes (of all levels) to train regularly during the lockdown should be developed.
我们评估了在一个单一国家队列中，新冠疫情早期封锁期间运动员训练方式、恢复情况、心理健康和睡眠模式的变化程度。来自马来西亚50个体育项目（45%为个人项目，55%为团队项目）的686名运动员（59%为男性，41%为女性；9%为世界级，28%为国际级，29%为国家级，26%为州级，8%为业余级）完成了一项基于在线调查问卷的研究。这些问题涉及训练方式（包括恢复和伤病情况）、心理健康和睡眠模式。与封锁前相比，由于强制封锁，训练强度（-34%）、频率（-20%，世界级运动员除外）和时长（-24%-59%，尤其是国际级/世界级运动员）均受到影响。在封锁期间，与技术和力量训练相比，有更多的空间/场地（69%）和设备（69%）可用于心肺训练；而且这些资源更有利于世界级运动员。大多数运动员进行一般力量/健康训练（88%）和肌肉耐力训练（71%）；一些运动员使用创新/数字训练工具（世界级运动员为48%，而较低级别运动员≤34%）。与州级/业余级运动员相比，更多的世界级、国际级和国家级运动员使用合适的设备进行力量训练、增强式训练和专项运动技术技能训练。更多女性（42%）从社交媒体获取训练材料，而男性这一比例为29%。一些运动员（38%）进行了预防伤病的训练；18%的运动员有轻伤（膝盖受伤占29%，脚踝受伤占26%），18%的运动员接受了医学诊断（国际级运动员占31%）。较低级别的运动员（如州级运动员占44%）表示他们在心理上更脆弱；并且感到更焦虑（36%，而较高级别运动员为14%-21%）。睡眠质量和时长处于“正常”水平（两者均为49%）、“改善”水平（分别为35%和27%），只有16%和14%（分别）表示睡眠“变差”。封锁影响了与训练相关的活动，尤其是在较低级别的运动员中。运动员在训练方面需要得到帮助，以及应对焦虑的工具，这些应根据个别国家在封锁情况下的需求进行定制。特别是，可以提供目标导向的（即使是在家中进行的）健身训练、心理、财务和生活方式支持，以减少与封锁相关的困难。应制定相关政策和指导方针，以方便各级运动员在封锁期间定期进行训练。
