Leveraging the human microbiota to target bacterial respiratory pathogens: new paths toward an expanded antimicrobial armamentarium.

Acute respiratory infections are the most frequent infections across the lifespan and are the leading infectious cause of death among children globally. Bacterial respiratory infections are routinely treated with antibiotics, nearly all of which are derived from microbial natural products. Unfortunately, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly frequent cause of respiratory infections, and there are few new antibiotics in development that target these pathogens. In the article by Stubbendieck et al., the authors identified species that demonstrate and growth inhibition of the respiratory pathobiont . The authors present experiments suggesting that this activity is mediated at least in part through the secretion of a novel peptidoglycan endopeptidase that targets the cell wall. In this commentary, we discuss these findings in the context of the urgent threat of antimicrobial resistance and highlight the promise of the human respiratory microbiota as a source of novel biotherapeutics.