Lenhausen Madeline R, Schwaba Ted, Gebauer Jochen E, Entringer Theresa M, Bleidorn Wiebke
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Aug;125(2):421-436. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000466. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Do changes in religiosity beget changes in personality, or do changes in personality precede changes in religiosity? Existing evidence supports longitudinal associations between personality and religiosity at the between-person level, such that individual differences in personality predict subsequent individual differences in change in religiosity. However, no research to date has examined whether within-person changes in personality lead to subsequent changes in religiosity. Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM), we investigated between- and within-person associations between the Big Five personality traits and three aspects of religiosity-belief in God, service attendance, and prayer-in a sample of over 12,000 Dutch individuals across 11 annual assessments. We found between-person associations between all Big Five traits and religiosity, yet within-person associations only between agreeableness as well as extraversion and belief in God. Specifically, individuals who increased in agreeableness or extraversion reported subsequent increases in their belief in God and, in addition, individuals who increased in their belief in God showed subsequent increases in agreeableness. We further identified significant moderating effects of gender, religious upbringing, and religious affiliation. Overall, the present findings suggest that the associations between personality traits and religiosity primarily occur at the between-person level. However, the evidence for intraindividual associations between agreeableness, extraversion, and religious belief highlights the importance of distinguishing between-person from within-person effects to broaden the understanding of the temporal dynamics between variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
宗教虔诚度的变化会引发人格的变化，还是人格的变化先于宗教虔诚度的变化呢？现有证据支持在个体层面上人格与宗教虔诚度之间的纵向关联，即人格上的个体差异能够预测随后宗教虔诚度变化方面的个体差异。然而，迄今为止尚无研究考察个体内部人格的变化是否会导致随后宗教虔诚度的变化。我们使用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型（RI-CLPM），在对12000多名荷兰人进行的11次年度评估样本中，研究了大五人格特质与宗教虔诚度的三个方面——对上帝的信仰、参加宗教仪式和祈祷——之间的个体间和个体内部关联。我们发现所有大五人格特质与宗教虔诚度之间均存在个体间关联，但个体内部关联仅存在于宜人性、外向性与对上帝的信仰之间。具体而言，宜人性或外向性增强的个体报告其随后对上帝的信仰增加，此外，对上帝信仰增强的个体随后宜人性也有所增加。我们还进一步确定了性别、宗教教养和宗教归属的显著调节作用。总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，人格特质与宗教虔诚度之间的关联主要发生在个体层面。然而，宜人性、外向性与宗教信仰之间个体内部关联的证据凸显了区分个体间效应与个体内部效应对于拓宽对变量间时间动态理解的重要性。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
