Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Sep;125(3):629-648. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000465. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Some people use health care services more than others. Identifying factors associated with health care use has the potential to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health care. In line with the Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization and initial empirical findings, personality traits may be key predisposing factors associated with health care use. Across 15 samples, the present study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between Big Five personality traits and the likelihood of dental visits, general medical practitioner visits, and hospitalizations. Using coordinated data analysis, we estimated models within each of 15 samples individually (sample Ns ranged from 516 to 305,762), and then calculated weighted mean effect sizes using random-effects meta-analysis across samples (total = 358,803). According to the synthesized results, people higher in conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness, and lower in neuroticism were more likely to visit the dentist; people higher in neuroticism were more likely to visit general medical practitioners; and people lower in conscientiousness and agreeableness and higher in neuroticism were more likely to be hospitalized. Associations tended to be small with odds ratios around 1.20 (rs ≈ .05). These findings provide evidence across 15 international samples for small but consistent associations between personality traits and health care use and demonstrate that personality-health care associations differ by type of care. We discuss directions for future research, including examining more specific personality facets (e.g., productiveness vs. responsibility) as well as important dimensions of health care (e.g., preventative vs. reactive care; acute vs. chronic care). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
有些人比其他人更频繁地使用医疗保健服务。确定与医疗保健使用相关的因素有可能提高医疗保健的有效性、效率和公平性。与医疗保健利用的安德森行为模型和初始经验发现一致，人格特质可能是与医疗保健使用相关的关键潜在因素。在 15 个样本中，本研究检验了大五人格特质与牙科就诊、全科医生就诊和住院的可能性之间的横断面和前瞻性关联。使用协调数据分析，我们在每个样本中单独估计模型（样本 N 从 516 到 305762 不等），然后使用跨样本的随机效应荟萃分析计算加权平均效应大小（总 N = 358803）。根据综合结果，尽责性、宜人性、外向性和开放性较高，神经质较低的人更有可能看牙医；神经质较高的人更有可能看全科医生；尽责性和宜人性较低，神经质较高的人更有可能住院。关联的可能性较小，优势比约为 1.20（rs ≈.05）。这些发现为 15 个国际样本提供了证据，证明人格特质与医疗保健使用之间存在小但一致的关联，并表明人格与医疗保健的关联因护理类型而异。我们讨论了未来研究的方向，包括检查更具体的人格特征（例如，生产力与责任感）以及医疗保健的重要方面（例如，预防与反应性护理；急性与慢性护理）。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
