Preuhs Katharina, Klein Velderman Mariska, van Empelen Pepijn
Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Expertise Group Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands.
Interact J Med Res. 2023 Jun 20;12:e43783. doi: 10.2196/43783.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic required the transition of health-related face-to-face group interventions to an online setting. While it seems that group outcomes can be realized in an online setting, less is known about resulting potential challenges (and advantages) and how these can be overcome.
The aim of this article is to explore what challenges and advantages may arise when providing health-related small group interventions in an online setting and how to overcome these challenges.
Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant literature. Effect studies, meta-analyses, literature reviews, theoretical frameworks, and research reports relating to synchronous, face-to-face, health-related small group interventions, online group interventions, and video teleconferencing group interventions were identified and screened. Findings relating to potential challenges and corresponding strategies are described. In addition, potential advantages of online group settings were explored. Relevant insights were gathered until saturation of results relating to the research questions was reached.
The literature indicated several aspects that require extra attention and preparation in the online group setting. These include the delivery of nonverbal communication and affect regulation, as well as the build-up of group cohesion and therapeutic alliance, which seem more challenging online. Yet there are strategies to overcome these challenges, such as metacommunication, collecting participant feedback, and providing guidance concerning technical accessibility. In addition, the online setting provides opportunities to reinforce group identity, such as by allowing independence and the ability to create homogeneous groups.
While online, health-related small group interventions offer a considerable number of possibilities and benefits compared to face-to-face groups, there are also potential drawbacks to consider, which, if anticipated, can be to a great extent overcome.
新冠疫情的爆发要求将与健康相关的面对面小组干预转换到线上环境。虽然似乎在线上环境中可以实现小组干预的效果，但对于由此产生的潜在挑战（和优势）以及如何克服这些挑战，人们了解得较少。
本文旨在探讨在在线环境中提供与健康相关的小组干预时可能出现哪些挑战和优势，以及如何克服这些挑战。
在Scopus和谷歌学术数据库中搜索相关文献。识别并筛选了与同步、面对面、与健康相关的小组干预、在线小组干预和视频电话会议小组干预相关的效果研究、荟萃分析、文献综述、理论框架和研究报告。描述了与潜在挑战和相应策略有关的研究结果。此外，还探讨了在线小组环境的潜在优势。收集相关见解，直到与研究问题相关的结果达到饱和。
文献表明，在线小组环境中有几个方面需要格外关注和准备。这些方面包括非语言沟通和情感调节的传递，以及小组凝聚力和治疗联盟的建立，这些在线上似乎更具挑战性。然而，有一些策略可以克服这些挑战，比如元沟通、收集参与者反馈以及提供关于技术可及性的指导。此外，在线环境提供了强化小组认同感的机会，比如允许独立性和创建同质性小组的能力。
虽然与健康相关的在线小组干预与面对面小组相比提供了相当多的可能性和益处，但也有一些潜在的缺点需要考虑，如果能够预见到这些缺点，在很大程度上是可以克服的。
