美国单语英语母语者典型说话者和晚说话者对语义关系的敏感性。
Sensitivity to Semantic Relationships in U.S. Monolingual English-Speaking Typical Talkers and Late Talkers.
机构信息
Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2023 Jul 12;66(7):2404-2420. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00563. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
PURPOSE
Late talkers (LTs) are a group of children who exhibit delays in language development without a known cause. Although a hallmark of LTs is a reduced expressive vocabulary, little is known about LTs' processing of semantic relations among words in their emerging vocabularies. This study uses an eye-tracking task to compare 2-year-old LTs' and typical talkers' (TTs') sensitivity to semantic relationships among early acquired words.
METHOD
U.S. monolingual English-speaking LTs ( = 21) and TTs ( = 24) completed a looking-while-listening task in which they viewed two images on a screen (e.g., a shirt and a pizza), while they heard words that referred to one of the images (e.g., ; target-present condition) or a semantically related item (e.g., ; target-absent condition). Children's eye movements (i.e., looks to the target) were monitored to assess their sensitivity to these semantic relationships.
RESULTS
Both LTs and TTs looked longer at the semantically related image than the unrelated image on target-absent trials, demonstrating sensitivity to the taxonomic relationships used in the experiment. There was no significant group difference between LTs and TTs. Both groups also looked more to the target in the target-present condition than in the target-absent condition.
CONCLUSIONS
These results reveal that, despite possessing smaller expressive vocabularies, LTs have encoded semantic relationships in their receptive vocabularies and activate these during real-time language comprehension. This study furthers our understanding of LTs' emerging linguistic systems and language processing skills.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
目的
晚说话者（LTs）是一组语言发育迟缓但无明显病因的儿童。尽管 LTs 的一个显著特征是表达性词汇量减少，但对于他们在新兴词汇中对单词之间语义关系的处理知之甚少。本研究使用眼动追踪任务来比较 2 岁的 LTs 和典型说话者（TTs）对早期习得词汇中语义关系的敏感性。
方法
美国单语英语 LTs（=21）和 TTs（=24）完成了听看任务，在该任务中，他们在屏幕上观看了两个图像（例如，一件衬衫和一个披萨），同时听到了一个指向其中一个图像的词（例如，；目标呈现条件）或一个语义相关的项目（例如，；目标缺失条件）。监测儿童的眼动（即，看向目标）以评估他们对这些语义关系的敏感性。
结果
在目标缺失试验中，LTs 和 TTs 都比不相关的图像注视语义相关的图像时间更长，这表明他们对实验中使用的分类关系敏感。LTs 和 TTs 之间没有显著的组间差异。两组在目标呈现条件下比在目标缺失条件下都更多地注视目标。
结论
这些结果表明，尽管 LTs 的表达性词汇量较小，但他们已经在接受性词汇中编码了语义关系，并在实时语言理解中激活了这些关系。本研究进一步了解了 LTs 新兴的语言系统和语言处理技能。
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