Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK.
School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Vet Rec. 2023 Oct 7;193(7):e3166. doi: 10.1002/vetr.3166. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
This social research study employed a behavioural insights framework, Easy, Attractive, Social, Timely ('EAST'), to identify cues that may influence farmer and stakeholder attitudes towards the deployment of CattleBCG vaccine.
The EAST framework was employed to develop policy scenarios consisting of several cues likely to affect vaccine uptake. These scenarios consisted of a government-led approach, an individual farmer-led approach, and a third approach, also farmer-led but organised collectively. The government approach was mandatory, while the farmer-led approaches were both voluntary. The scenarios were tested during farmer participatory workshops (n = 8) and stakeholder interviews (n = 35).
Overall, the EAST framework provided a useful approach for gathering behavioural insights around attitudes towards cattle vaccination. We found an overall receptiveness towards the idea of vaccinating cattle against bovine tuberculosis, particularly where clear, transparent messaging around the likely efficacy is mobilised, where clarity around potential implications for trading is provided, and where vaccine doses are provided free of charge and administered by veterinarians and veterinary technicians. In general, these factors were a pre-requisite to a mandatory (government-led) national approach, which was the preferred deployment mechanism among farmers and stakeholders. However, these conditions would also likely facilitate a voluntary vaccination programme.
Trust in those involved in delivering a vaccine programme and trust in the vaccine itself represent a crucial aspect of farmer and stakeholder attitudes towards cattle vaccination; however, this aspect was not covered by the EAST framework.
EAST provided a novel framework for examining attitudes towards cattle vaccination with CattleBCG, although we recommend incorporating a 'trust' component in future iterations.
本社会研究采用行为洞察框架“简单、有吸引力、社会性、及时性（EAST）”来确定可能影响农民和利益相关者对牛结核病疫苗使用态度的线索。
采用 EAST 框架制定了包含几个可能影响疫苗接种率的线索的政策方案。这些方案包括政府主导、农民主导和第三种也是农民主导但集体组织的方法。政府方法是强制性的，而农民主导的方法都是自愿的。这些方案在农民参与式研讨会（n=8）和利益相关者访谈（n=35）中进行了测试。
总体而言，EAST 框架为收集有关牛结核病疫苗接种态度的行为洞察提供了有用的方法。我们发现，人们普遍对给牛接种牛结核病疫苗的想法表示欢迎，特别是在宣传可能的疗效时信息明确透明，提供了对贸易可能影响的明确性，以及免费提供疫苗剂量并由兽医和兽医技术人员进行管理时。总的来说，这些因素是强制性（政府主导）国家方法的前提，也是农民和利益相关者首选的部署机制。然而，这些条件也可能促进自愿疫苗接种计划。
参与疫苗接种计划的人的信任和对疫苗本身的信任是农民和利益相关者对牛结核病疫苗接种态度的关键方面；然而，EAST 框架没有涵盖这一方面。
EAST 为研究使用 CattleBCG 对牛进行疫苗接种的态度提供了一个新的框架，尽管我们建议在未来的迭代中纳入“信任”因素。
