Inhibition of high-fat diet-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue by SF1-expressing neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Inflammation and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) at different sites influence the overall effects of obesity on metabolic health. In mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), inflammatory responses are less pronounced in inguinal WAT (ingWAT) than in epididymal WAT (epiWAT). Here we show that ablation and activation of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) oppositely affect the expression of inflammation-related genes and the formation of crown-like structures by infiltrating macrophages in ingWAT, but not in epiWAT, of HFD-fed mice, with these effects being mediated by sympathetic nerves innervating ingWAT. In contrast, SF1 neurons of the VMH preferentially regulated the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that SF1 neurons of the VMH differentially regulate inflammatory responses and thermogenesis among various adipose tissue depots and restrain inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity specifically in ingWAT.